Hilleman MR (2000) Vaccines in historic evolution and perspective: a narrative of vaccine discoveries. Vaccine 18:1436–1447
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kamble NM, Lee JH (2016) Characterization and evaluation of Salmonella enterica serotype Senftenberg mutant created by deletion of virulence-related genes for use as a live attenuated vaccine. Clin Vaccine Immunol 23:802–812
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bergmann-Leitner ES, Leitner WW (2014) Adjuvants in the driver’s seat: how magnitude, type, fine specificity and longevity of immune responses are driven by distinct classes of immune potentiators. Vaccines 2:252–296
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Doel TR (2003) FMD vaccines. Virus Res 91:81–99
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dormitzer PR, Tsai TF, Del Giudice G (2012) New technologies for influenza vaccines. Hum Vaccin Immunother 8:45–58
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hajam IA, Dar PA, Chandrasekar S et al (2013) Co-administration of flagellin augments immune responses to inactivated foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) antigen. Res Vet Sci 95:936–941
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rodriguez LL, Grubman MJ (2009) Foot and mouth disease virus vaccines. Vaccine 27:D90–D94
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lee NH, Lee JA, Park SY et al (2012) A review of vaccine development and research for industry animals in Korea. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 1:18–34
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Brun A, Bárcena J, Blanco E et al (2011) Current strategies for subunit and genetic viral veterinary vaccine development. Virus Res 157:1–12
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ebensen T, Paukner S, Link C et al (2004) Bacterial ghosts are an efficient delivery system for DNA vaccines. J Immunol 172:6858–6865
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nanda RK, Hajam IA, Edao BM et al (2014) Immunological evaluation of mannosylated chitosan nanoparticles based foot and mouth disease virus DNA vaccine, pVAC FMDV VP1-OmpA in guinea pigs. Biologicals 42:153–159
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Witte A, Wanner G, Bläsi U et al (1990) Endogenous transmembrane tunnel formation mediated by phi X174 lysis protein E. J Bacteriol 172:4109–4114
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hajam IA, Dar PA, Appavoo E et al (2015) Bacterial ghosts of Escherichia coli drive efficient maturation of bovine monocyte-derived dendritic cells. PLoS One 10:e0144397
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Huter V, Szostak MP, Gampfer J et al (1999) Bacterial ghosts as drug carrier and targeting vehicles. J Control Release 61:51–63
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mayr UB, Walcher P, Azimpour C et al (2005) Bacterial ghosts as antigen delivery vehicles. Adv Drug Del Rev 57:1381–1391
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Mader HJ, Szostak MP, Hensel A et al (1997) Endotoxicity does not limit the use of bacterial ghosts as candidate vaccines. Vaccine 15:195–202
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jawale CV, Lee JH (2014) Comparative evaluation of Salmonella Enteritidis ghost vaccines with a commercial vaccine for protection against internal egg contamination with Salmonella. Vaccine 32:5925–5930
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wen J, Yang Y, Zhao G et al (2012) Salmonella typhi Ty21a bacterial ghost vector augments HIV-1 gp140 DNA vaccine-induced peripheral and mucosal antibody responses via TLR4 pathway. Vaccine 30:5733–5739
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cai K, Tu W, Liu Y et al (2015) Novel fusion antigen displayed-bacterial ghosts vaccine candidate against infection of Escherichia coli O157:H7. Sci Rep 5:17479
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Henrich B, Lubitz W, Plapp R (1982) Lysis of Escherichia coli by induction of cloned phi X174 genes. Mol Gen Genet 185:493–497
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hutchison CA, Sinsheimer RL (1966) The process of infection with bacteriophage phi-X174. X. Mutations in a phi-X Lysis gene. J Mol Biol 18:429–447
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pollock TJ, Tessman ES, Tessman I (1978) Identification of lysis protein E of bacteriophage phiX174. J Virol 28:408–410
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Denhardt DT, Sinsheimer RL (1965) The process of infection with bacteriophage phi-X174. 3. Phage maturation and lysis after synchronized infection. J Mol Biol 12:641–646
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Markert A, Zillig W (1965) Studies on the lysis of Escherichia coli C by bacteriophage phi-X174. Virology 25:88–97
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Bläsi U, Linke RP, Lubitz W (1989) Evidence for membrane-bound oligomerization of bacteriophage phi X174 lysis protein-E. J Biol Chem 264:4552–4558
PubMed
Google Scholar
Witte A, Lubitz W (1989) Biochemical characterization of phi X174-protein-E-mediated lysis of Escherichia coli. Europ J Biochem 180:393–398
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Witte A, Wanner G, Sulzner M, Lubitz W (1992) Dynamics of phi X174 protein E-mediated lysis of Escherichia coli. Arch Microbiol 157:381–388
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ronchel MC, Molina L, Witte A et al (1998) Characterization of cell lysis in Pseudomonas putida induced upon expression of heterologous killing genes. Appl Environ Microbiol 64:4904–4911
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kloos DU, Strätz M, Güttler A et al (1994) Inducible cell lysis system for the study of natural transformation and environmental fate of DNA released by cell death. J Bacteriol 176:7352–7361
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Young KD, Young R (1982) Lytic action of cloned phi X174 gene E. J Virol 44:993–1002
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Halfmann G, Leduc M, Lubitz W (1984) Different sensitivity of autolytic deficient Escherichia coli mutants to the mode of induction. FEMS Microbiol Lett 24:205–208
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Haidinger W, Szostak MP, Jechlinger W, Lubitz W (2003) Online monitoring of Escherichia coli ghost production. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:468–474
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Haidinger W, Mayr UB, Szostak MP et al (2003) Escherichia coli ghost production by expression of lysis gene E and Staphylococcal nuclease. Appl Environ Microbiol 69:6106–6113
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Alexander M, Heppel LA, Hurwitz J (1961) The purification and properties of micrococcal nuclease. J Biol Chem 236:3014–3019
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Anfinsen CB, Cuatrecasas P, Taniuchi H (1971) 8 staphylococcal nuclease, chemical properties and catalysis. Enzymes 4:177–204
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Perrin P, Morgeaux S (1995) Inactivation of DNA by beta-propiolactone. Biologicals 23:207–211
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Vanlint D, Mebhratu MT, Michiels C, Aertsen A (2008) Using mild high-pressure shock to generate bacterial ghosts of Escherichia coli. Z Naturforsch 63:765–768
CAS
Google Scholar
Tabrizi CA, Walcher P, Mayr UB et al (2004) Bacterial ghosts—biological particles as delivery systems for antigens, nucleic acids and drugs. Curr Opin Biotechnol 15:530–537
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Schmelcher M, Donovan DM, Loessner MJ (2012) Bacteriophage endolysins as novel antimicrobials. Future Microbiol 7:1147–1171
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Amara AA, Salem-Bekhit MM, Alanazi FK et al (2013) Sponge-like: a new protocol for preparing bacterial ghosts. Sci World J 2013:545741
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Wu X, Ju X, Du L et al (2017) Production of bacterial ghosts from Gram-positive pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. Foodborne Pathog Dis 14:1–7
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Akira S, Uematsu S, Takeuchi O (2006) Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell 124:783–801
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Honko AN, Sriranganathan N, Lees CJ, Mizel SB (2006) Flagellin is an effective adjuvant for immunization against lethal respiratory challenge with Yersinia pestis. Infect Immun 74:1113–1120
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Schnare M, Barton GM, Holt AC et al (2001) Toll-like receptors control activation of adaptive immune responses. Nat Immunol 2:947–950
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Medzhitov R, Janeway C (2000) Innate immune recognition: mechanisms and pathways. Immunol Rev 173:89–97
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kawai T, Akira S (2011) Toll-like receptors and their crosstalk with other innate receptors in infection and immunity. Immunity 34:637–650
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Akira S, Hemmi H (2003) Recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns by TLR family. Immunol Lett 85:85–95
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Granucci F, Feau S, Zanoni I et al (2003) The immune response is initiated by dendritic cells via interaction with microorganisms and interleukin-2 production. J Infect Dis 187(Suppl 2):S346–S350
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Steinhagen F, Kinjo T, Bode C, Klinman DM (2011) TLR-based immune adjuvants. Vaccine 29:3341–3355
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Abtin A, Kudela P, Mayr UB et al (2010) Escherichia coli ghosts promote innate immune responses in human keratinocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 400:78–82
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Stein E, Inic-Kanada A, Belij S et al (2013) In vitro and in vivo uptake study of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 bacterial ghosts: cell-based delivery system to target ocular surface diseases. Invest Opthalmol Vis Sci 54:6326–6333
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Adam E, Delbrassinne L, Bouillot C et al (2010) Probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 activates DC and prevents house dust mite allergy through a TLR4-dependent pathway. Eur J Immunol 40:1995–2005
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Quevedo-Diaz MA, Song C, Xiong Y et al (2010) Involvement of TLR2 and TLR4 in cell responses to Rickettsia akari. J Leukoc Biol 88:675–685
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Benko S, Magyarics Z, Szabó A, Rajnavölgyi E (2008) Dendritic cell subtypes as primary targets of vaccines: the emerging role and cross-talk of pattern recognition receptors. Biol Chem 389:469–485
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hart DN (1997) Dendritic cells: unique leukocyte populations which control the primary immune response. Blood 90:3245–3287
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hamza T, Barnett JB, Li B (2010) Interleukin 12 a key immunoregulatory cytokine in infection applications. Int J Mol Sci 11:789–806
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Trombetta ES, Ebersold M, Garrett W et al (2003) Activation of lysosomal function during dendritic cell maturation. Science 299:1400–1403
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Trombetta ES, Mellman I (2005) Cell biology of antigen processing in vitro and in vivo. Annu Rev Immunol 23:975–1028
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kudela P, Paukner S, Mayr UB et al (2008) Effective gene transfer to melanoma cells using bacterial ghosts. Cancer Lett 262:54–63
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Langemann T, Koller VJ, Muhammad A et al (2010) The bacterial ghost platform system. Bioeng Bugs 1:326–336
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ramsay AJ, Husband AJ, Ramshaw IA et al (1994) The role of interleukin-6 in mucosal IgA antibody responses in vivo. Science 264:561–563
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Dienz O, Rud JG, Eaton SM et al (2012) Essential role of IL-6 in protection against H1N1 influenza virus by promoting neutrophil survival in the lung. Mucosal Immunol 5:258–266
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Larsen DL, Dybdahl-Sissoko N, McGregor MW et al (1998) Coadministration of DNA encoding interleukin-6 and hemagglutinin confers protection from influenza virus challenge in mice. J Virol 72:1704–1708
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Vijay-Kumar M, Aitken JD, Sanders CJ et al (2008) Flagellin treatment protects against chemicals, bacteria, viruses, and radiation. J Immunol 180:8280–8285
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shinya K, Okamura T, Sueta S et al (2011) Toll-like receptor pre-stimulation protects mice against lethal infection with highly pathogenic influenza viruses. Virol J 8:97
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Hynes N (2011) Bacterial flagellin—a novel adjuvant for vaccine strategies. Biosciences FOF. http://munin.uit.no/bitstream/handle/10037/3798/thesis.pdf;sequence=2
Jalava K, Eko FO, Riedmann E, Lubitz W (2003) Bacterial ghosts as carrier and targeting systems for mucosal antigen delivery. Exp Rev Vaccines 2:45–51
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Felnerova D, Kudela P, Bizik J et al (2004) T cell-specific immune response induced by bacterial ghosts. Med Sci Mon 10:BR362–BR370
CAS
Google Scholar
Means TK, Hayashi F, Smith KD et al (2012) The toll-like receptor 5 stimulus bacterial flagellin induces maturation and chemokine production in human dendritic cells. J Immunol 170:5165–5175
Article
Google Scholar
Lefor AT, Fabian DF (1998) Enhanced cytolytic activity of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) derived from an ICAM-1 transfected tumor in a murine model. J Surg Res 75:49–53
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chaudhari AA, Jawale CV, Kim SW, Lee JH (2012) Construction of a Salmonella Gallinarum ghost as a novel inactivated vaccine candidate and its protective efficacy against fowl typhoid in chickens. Vet Res 43:44
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Eko FO, Lubitz W, McMillan L et al (2003) Recombinant Vibrio cholerae ghosts as a delivery vehicle for vaccinating against Chlamydia trachomatis. Vaccine 21:1694–1703
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jawale CV, Lee JH (2014) Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis ghosts carrying the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit are capable of inducing enhanced protective immune responses. Clin Vaccine Immunol 21:799–807
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Jawale C, Somsanith N, Eo S et al (2015) Evaluation of Salmonella Gallinarum ghost formulated with Montanide™ ISA 70 VG adjuvant as a vaccine against fowl typhoid. Acta Vet Hung 63:401–412
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Pasare C, Medzhitov R (2005) Control of B-cell responses by toll-like receptors. Nature 438:364–368
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Browne EP (2012) Regulation of B-cell responses by toll-like receptors. Immunology 136:370–379
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Barrio L, Saez de Guinoa J, Carrasco YR (2013) TLR4 signaling shapes B cell dynamics via MyD88-dependent pathways and Rac GTPases. J Immunol 191:3867–3875
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Szostak MP, Auer T, Lubitz W (1993) Immune response against recombinant bacterial ghosts carrying HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Vaccines 5:419–426
Google Scholar
Worbs T, Bode U, Yan S et al (2006) Oral tolerance originates in the intestinal immune system and relies on antigen carriage by dendritic cells. J Exp Med 203:519–527
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Szostak MP, Hensel A, Eko FO et al (1996) Bacterial ghosts: non-living candidate vaccines. J Biotechnol 44:161–170
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Riedmann EM, Kyd JM, Smith AM et al (2003) Construction of recombinant S-layer proteins (rSbsA) and their expression in bacterial ghosts—a delivery system for the nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae antigen Omp26. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 37:185–192
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eko FO, Szostak MP, Wanner G, Lubitz W (1994) Production of Vibrio cholerae ghosts (VCG) by expression of a cloned phage lysis gene: potential for vaccine development. Vaccine 12:1231–1237
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Wiendl H, Hohlfeld R, Kieseier BC (2005) Immunobiology of muscle: advances in understanding an immunological microenvironment. Trends Immunol 26:373–380
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liu MA, Wahren B, Karlsson Hedestam GB (2006) DNA vaccines: recent developments and future possibilities. Hum Gene Ther 17:1051–1061
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Huang H, Hao S, Li F et al (2007) CD4+ Th1 cells promote CD8+ Tc1 cell survival, memory response, tumor localization and therapy by targeted delivery of interleukin 2 via acquired pMHC I complexes. Immunology 120:148–159
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Laver WG, Air GM, Webster RG, Smith-Gill SJ (1990) Epitopes on protein antigens: misconceptions and realities. Cell 61:553–556
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Frosch M, Meyer TF (1992) Transformation-mediated exchange of virulence determinants by co-cultivation of pathogenic Neisseriae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 100:345–349
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hensel A, Huter V, Katinger A et al (2000) Intramuscular immunization with genetically inactivated (ghosts) Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 9 protects pigs against homologous aerosol challenge and prevents carrier state. Vaccine 18:2945–2955
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hensel A, van Leengoed LAMG, Szostak M et al (1996) Induction of protective immunity by aerosol or oral application of candidate vaccines in a dose-controlled pig aerosol infection model. J Biotechnol 44:171–181
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ventola CL (2015) The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. P T 40:277–283
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Koller VJ, Dirsch VM, Beres H et al (2013) Modulation of bacterial ghosts—induced nitric oxide production in macrophages by bacterial ghost-delivered resveratrol. FEBS J 280:1214–1225
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kim CS, Hur J, Eo SK et al (2016) Generation of Salmonella ghost cells expressing fimbrial antigens of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and evaluation of their antigenicity in a murine model. Can J Vet Res 80:40–48
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Maratea D, Young K, Young R (1985) Deletion and fusion analysis of the phage phi X174 lysis gene E. Gene 40:39–46
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Buckley KJ, Hayashi M (1986) Lytic activity localized to membrane-spanning region of phi X174 E protein. Mol Gen Genet 204:120–125
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Paukner S, Kohl G, Lubitz W (2004) Bacterial ghosts as novel advanced drug delivery systems: antiproliferative activity of loaded doxorubicin in human Caco-2 cells. J Control Release 94:63–74
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Marchart J, Dropmann G, Lechleitner S et al (2003) Pasteurella multocida- and Pasteurella haemolytica-ghosts: new vaccine candidates. Vaccine 21:3988–3997
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mayr UB, Haller C, Haidinger W et al (2005) Bacterial ghosts as an oral vaccine: a single dose of Escherichia coli O157:H7 bacterial ghosts protects mice against lethal challenge. Infect Immun 73:4810–4817
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kwon SR, Nam YK, Kim SK, Kim KH (2006) Protection of tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) from edwardsiellosis by vaccination with Edwardsiella tarda ghosts. Fish Shellfish Immunol 20:621–626
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Eko FO, Witte A, Huter V et al (1999) New strategies for combination vaccines based on the extended recombinant bacterial ghost system. Vaccine 17:1643–1649
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Peng W, Si W, Yin L et al (2011) Salmonella enteritidis ghost vaccine induces effective protection against lethal challenge in specific-pathogen-free chicks. Immunobiology 216:558–565
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Won G, Chaudhari AA, Lee JH (2016) Protective efficacy and immune responses by homologous prime-booster immunizations of a novel inactivated Salmonella Gallinarum vaccine candidate. Clin Exp Vaccine Res 5:148–158
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jawale CV, Lee JH (2014) Characterization of a Salmonella Typhimurium ghost carrying an adjuvant protein as a vaccine candidate for the protection of chickens against virulent challenge. Avian Pathol 43:506–513
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Liu J, Li Y, Sun Y et al (2015) Immune responses and protection induced by Brucella suis S2 bacterial ghosts in mice. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 166:138–144
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Jechlinger W, Haller C, Resch S et al (2005) Comparative immunogenicity of the hepatitis B virus core 149 antigen displayed on the inner and outer membrane of bacterial ghosts. Vaccine 23:3609–3617
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Talebkhan Y, Bababeik M, Esmaeili M et al (2010) Helicobacter pylori bacterial ghost containing recombinant Omp18 as a putative vaccine. J Microbiol Methods 82:334–337
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Haslberger AG, Kohl G, Felnerova D et al (2000) Activation, stimulation and uptake of bacterial ghosts in antigen presenting cells. J Biotechnol 83:57–66
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hatfaludi T, Liska M, Zellinger D et al (2004) Bacterial ghost technology for pesticide delivery. J Agric Food Chem 52:5627–5634
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Walcher P, Cui X, Arrow JA et al (2008) Bacterial ghosts as a delivery system for zona pellucida-2 fertility control vaccines for brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). Vaccine 26:6832–6838
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kraśko J, Žilionytė K, Darinskas A et al (2016) Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants in syngeneic tumour cell lysate-based anticancer vaccination in a murine lung carcinoma model. Oncol Rep 37:171–178
PubMed
Google Scholar
Montanaro J, Inic-Kanada A, Ladurner A et al (2015) Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 bacterial ghosts retain crucial surface properties and express chlamydial antigen: an imaging study of a delivery system for the ocular surface. Drug Des Dev Ther 9:3741–3754
Google Scholar