Ley DH (2003) Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. In: Saif YM, Barnes HJ, Gilson JR, Fadly AM, McDougald LR, Swayne DE, Editorial Board for the American Association of Avian Pathologists (eds) Diseases of poultry, 11th edn. Iowa State Press, Iowa, pp 722–744
Google Scholar
Levisohn S, Kleven SH (2000) Avian mycoplasmosis (Mycoplasma gallisepticum). Rev Sci Tech 19:425–442
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Beaudet J, Tulman ER, Pflaum K, Liao X, Kutish GF, Szczepanek SM, Silbart LK, Geary SJ (2017) Transcriptional profiling of the chicken tracheal response to virulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum strain Rlow. Infect Immun 85:e00343-17
Article
Google Scholar
Manafi M, Pirany N, Noor Ali M, Hedayati M, Khalaji S, Yari M (2015) Experimental pathology of T-2 toxicosis and mycoplasma infection on performance and hepaticfunctions of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 94:1483–1492
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Savino W (2006) The thymus is a common target organ in infectious diseases. PLoS Pathog 2:e62
Article
Google Scholar
Raviola E, Karnovsky MJ (1972) Evidence for a blood-thymus barrier using electronopaque tracers. J Exp Med 136:466–498
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gaunson JE, Philip CJ, Whithear KG, Browning GF (2000) Lymphocytic infiltration in the chicken trachea in response to Mycoplasma gallisepticum infection. Microbiology 146:1223–1229
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Majumder S, Silbart LK (2016) Interaction of Mycoplasma gallisepticum with chicken tracheal epithelial cells contributes to macrophage chemotaxis and activation. Infect Immun 84:266–274
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gostner JM, Becker K, Ueberall F, Fuchs D (2015) The good and bad of antioxidant foods: an immunological perspective. Food Chem Toxicol 80:72–79
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Li WJ, Nie SP, Peng XP, Liu XZ, Li C, Chen Y, Xie MY (2012) Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide improves age-related oxidative stress and immune impairment in mice. J Agric Food Chem 60:1413–1418
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Lessard M, Savard C, Deschene K, Lauzon K, Pinilla VA, Gagnon CA, Lapointe J, Guay F, Chorfi Y (2015) Impact of deoxynivalenol (DON) contaminated feed on intestinal integrity and immune response in swine. Food Chem Toxicol 80:7–16
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Borish LC, Steinke JW (2003) Cytokines and chemokines. J Allergy Clin Immunol 111:S460–S475
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Harrison L, Brown C, Afonso C, Zhang J, Susta L (2011) Early occurrence of apoptosis in lymphoid tissues from chickens infected with strains of Newcastle disease virus of varying virulence. J Comp Pathol 145:327–335
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Cuervo AM (2004) Autophagy: in sickness and in health. Trends Cell Biol 14:70–77
Article
Google Scholar
Yuan K, Huang C, Fox J, Laturnus D, Carlson E, Zhang B, Yin Q, Gao H, Wu M (2012) Autophagy plays an essential role in the clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by alveolar macrophages. J Cell Sci 125:507–515
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Lu Z, Xie D, Chen Y, Tian E, Muhammad I, Chen X, Miao Y, Hu W, Wu Z, Ni H, Xin J, Li Y, Li J (2017) TLR2 mediates autophagy through ERK signaling pathway in Mycoplasma gallisepticum-infected RAW264.7 cells. Mol Immunol 87:161–170
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zhao Q, Chen XY, Martin C (2016) Scutellaria baicalensis, the golden herb from the garden of Chinese medicinal plants. Sci Bull (Beijing) 61:1391–1398
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Gong WY, Zhao ZX, Liu BJ, Lu LW, Dong JC (2017) Exploring the chemopreventive properties and perspectives of baicalin and its aglyconebaicalein in solid tumors. Eur J Med Chem 126:844–852
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Shen K, Feng X, Pan H, Zhang F, Xie H, Zheng S (2017) Baicalin ameliorates experimental liver cholestasis in mice by modulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and NRF2 transcription factor. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017:6169128
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Shi L, Hao Z, Zhang S, Wei M, Lu B, Wang Z, Ji L (2018) Baicalein and baicalin alleviate acetaminophen-induced liver injury by activating Nrf2 antioxidative pathway: the involvement of ERK1/2 and PKC. Biochem Pharmacol 150:9–23
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Bajpai VK, Alam MB, Ju MK, Kwon KR, Huh YS, Han YK, Lee SH (2018) Antioxidant mechanism of polyphenol-rich Nymphaea nouchali leaf extract protecting DNA damage and attenuating oxidative stress-induced cell death via Nrf2-mediated heme-oxygenase-1 induction coupled with ERK/p38 signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 103:1397–1407
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Xiao X, Zhao DH, Yang X, Shi W, Deng H, Ma J, Zhang S, Liu YH (2014) Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Escherichia coli mixed infection model in broiler chickens forstudying valnemulin pharmacokinetics. J Vet Pharmacol Ther 37:99–102
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Cheng P, Wang T, Li W, Muhammad I, Wang H, Sun X, Yang Y, Li J, Xiao T, Zhang X (2017) Baicalin alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced liver inflammation in chicken by suppressing TLR4-mediated NF-κB pathway. Front Pharmacol 8:547
Article
Google Scholar
Muhammad I, Wang H, Sun X, Wang X, Han M, Lu Z, Cheng P, Hussain MA, Zhang X (2018) Dual role of dietary curcumin through attenuating AFB1-induced oxidative stress and liver injury via modulating liver phase-I and phase-II enzymes involved in AFB1 bioactivation and detoxification. Front Pharmacol 9:554
Article
Google Scholar
Wang X, Muhammad I, Sun X, Han M, Hamid S, Zhang X (2018) Protective role of curcumin in ameliorating AFB1-induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway in liver cells. Mol Biol Rep 45:881–891
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Wang J, Yi M, Chen X, Muhammad I, Liu F, Li R, Li J, Li J (2016) Effects of colistin on amino acid neurotransmitters and blood-brain barrier in the mouse brain. Neurotoxicol Teratol 55:32–37
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real time quantitative PCR and the 2 (-Delta Delta C (T)) method. Methods 25:402–408
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Wang H, Muhammad I, Li W, Sun X, Cheng P, Zhang X (2018) Sensitivity of Arbor Acres broilers and chemoprevention of aflatoxin B1-induced liver injury by curcumin, a natural potent inducer of phase-II enzymes and Nrf2. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 59:94–104
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Thapa P, Farber DL (2019) The role of the thymus in the immune response. Thorac Surg Clin 29:123–131
Article
Google Scholar
Sinha K, Das J, Pal PB, Sil PC (2013) Oxidative stress: the mitochondria-dependent and mitochondriaindependent pathways of apoptosis. Arch Toxicol 87:1157–1180
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Lugrin J, Rosenblatt-Velin N, Parapanov R, Liaudet L (2014) The role of oxidative stress during inflammatory processes. Biol Chem 395:203–230
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Linkermann A, Stockwell BR, Krautwald S, Anders HJ (2014) Regulated cell death and inflammation: an auto-amplification loop causes organ failure. Nat Rev Immunol 14:759–767
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Xiao JR, Do CW, To CH (2014) To, Potential therapeutic effects of baicalein, baicalin, and wogonin in ocular disorders. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 30:605–614
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Yang X, Yang J, Zou H (2013) Baicalin inhibits IL-17-mediated joint inflammation in murine adjuvant-induced arthritis. Clin Dev Immunol 2013:268065
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dinda B, Dinda S, DasSharma S, Banik R, Chakraborty A, Dinda M (2017) Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders. Eur J Med Chem 131:68–80
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Wen YF, Zhao JQ, Bhadauria M, Nirala SK (2013) Baicalin prevents cadmium induced hepatic cytotoxicity oxidative stress and histomorphometric alternations. Exp Toxicol Pathol 65:189–196
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Yang J, Yang X, Li M (2012) Baicalin, a natural compound, promotes regulatory T cell differentiation. BMC Complement Altern Med 12:64
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zhu J, Wang J, Sheng Y, Zou Y, Bo L, Wang F, Lou J, Fan X, Bao R, Wu Y, Chen F, Deng X, Li J (2012) Baicalin improves survival in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis via suppressing inflammatory response and lymphocyte apoptosis. PLoS One 7:e35523
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Law AH, Lee DC, Yuen KY, Peiris M, Lau AS (2010) Cellular response to influenza virus infection: a potential role for autophagy in CXCL10 and interferon-alpha induction. Cell Mol Immunol 7:263–270
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Zhu HY, Han L, Shi XL, Wang BL, Huang H, Wang X, Chen DF, Ju DW, Feng MQ (2015) Baicalin inhibits autophagy induced by influenza A virus H3N2. Antivir Res 113:62–76
Article
CAS
Google Scholar