Figure 1

Trained immunity protects the host against C. perfringens infection. A Flow chart of in vitro trained immunity experimental procedure. (B−E) TNF-α and IL-6 production was measured in the supernatants of mouse PM response to LPS or C. perfringens stimulation according to A (n = 3 independent experiments). F, G Phagocytosis and intracellular killing of C. perfringens was detected by CFU enumeration. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. Data were pooled from 3 independent experiments. Statistical significance is indicated by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.