Figure 5

SADS-CoV and nsp1 inhibit the nuclear translocation of IRF1 induced by poly(I:C) stimulation. A SADS-CoV blocks IRF1 nuclear translocation stimulated by poly(I:C). IPI-FX cells were either infected with SADS-CoV (MOI = 1) or mock-infected for 12 h. Subsequently, cells were transfected with or without 1 μg/mL poly(I:C) for an additional 12 h. After fixation, cells were stained with anti-SADS-CoV N antibody and anti-IRF1 antibody. In the images, yellow arrows indicate IRF1 in the nucleus, while white arrows indicate IRF1 in the cytoplasm. Bar = 10 μm. B Intensity profiles of SADS-CoV (red), IRF1 (green), and DAPI (blue) calculated from a white box in the image. C SADS-CoV nsp1 blocks IRF1 nuclear translocation stimulated by poly(I:C). IPI-FX cells were transfected with either pEGFP-nsp1 or control plasmid pEGFP-N1 for 24 h. Then, cells were transfected with or without 1 μg/mL poly(I:C) for 12 h. After fixation, cells were stained with anti-IRF1 antibody. Bar = 5 μm. D Intensity profiles of nsp1 (green), IRF1 (red), and DAPI (blue) calculated from a white box in the image.