Figure 6

Schematic showing that Pasteurella multocida activates apoptosis via the FAK-AKT-FOXO1 axis to cause pulmonary integrity loss, bacteremia, and eventually a cytokine storm. The complete model of P. multocida infection consists of at least two phases: the pulmonary infection phase (Phase 1) and the systemic infection phase (Phase 2). At the molecular level, P. multocida inhibits the FAK-AKT-FOXO1 axis by regulating integrin alpha family protein expression to induce excessive pulmonary epithelial cell apoptosis, eventually resulting in systemic infection. In contrast, targeting apoptosis with particular inhibitors can attenuate P. multocida infection.