Skip to main content

Table 3 Percentage of human-caused mortality, infectious diseases and natural traumatic injuries found in free-ranging Cantabrian brown bears necropsied between 1998 and 2023.

From: New threats in the recovery of large carnivores inhabiting human-modified landscapes: the case of the Cantabrian brown bear (Ursus arctos)

Period

Bears

Mortality causes of Cantabrian brown bears (non-mutually exclusive)

Human-caused

%

Infectious disease

%

Traumatic injury

%

1998–2023

Cubs

12

25

33.33

50

Adults

26

42.31

42.31

53.85

Total

38

36.84

39.47

52.63

  1. Please, note that mortality causes are not mutually exclusive