Figure 3

Influence of a topical application of resveratrol to udders on milk yield, somatic cell count (SCC), and blood-derived components in milk. The udders of lactating goats were topically treated with 1 mL of 100 μM resveratrol in 70% ethanol containing 0.2% dimethyl sulfoxide for 7 days. The upper graphs show changes in milk yield (A), SCC (B), Na⁺ (C), albumin (D), and IgG (E) in individual udders and the lower graphs show changes in the relative values compared with the average of the pre-treated (days −1 and 0) controls. The data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 9). Asterisks show significant differences (p < 0.05 versus control).