Figure 2

Stimulation of primary blood cells by synthetic TLR ligands. PBMCs from 8 individual animals were either let for 18 h unstimulated (reference points for the assay), stimulated with TLR2/4 (“bacterial infection”) or stimulated with TLR3/7/8 (“viral infection”). The fold change analysis of activation / maturation markers was determined by FCM with FlowJo. Cells from the individual cows are represented by separate symbols; for stimulated samples, mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) values are normalized to that obtained with the reference point from the same animal. A Results obtained for the “Innate immunity” cell subsets. B Results obtained for the “Bridge innate/adaptive immunity” cell subsets. C Results obtained for the “Adaptive immunity” cell subsets. Red arrows indicate a further increase of activation/maturation marker expression induced by TLR3/7/8 (“viral infection”) compared to TLR2/4 (“bacterial infection”); blue arrows indicate a decrease of activation/maturation marker expression. Experimental conditions were compared using paired t tests. Stars indicate significance levels. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ns: not significant. c. Mono: classical monocytes; int. Mono: intermediate monocytes; n.c. Mono: non classical monocytes.