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Table 1 Alterations in gene expression after basolateral cytokine stimulation and/or apical exposure to nematode larvae.

From: Equine enteroid-derived monolayers recapitulate key features of parasitic intestinal nematode infection

Exposed to

IL-4 + IL-13

P. univalens

P. univalens + IL-4 + IL-13

Cyathostomins

Cyathostomins + IL-4 + IL-13

S. vulgaris

S. vulgaris + IL-4 + IL-13

Gene name

 SOX9

0.54 ± 0.08

1.06 ± 0.08

0.51 ± 0.09

1.05 ± 0.16

0.57 ± 0.07

0.98 ± 0.10

0.52 ± 0.22

 LYZ

0.23 ± 0.23

0.74 ± 0.18

0.13 ± 0.05

0.93 ± 0.18

0.17 ± 0.06

0.86 ± 0.24

0.24 ± 0.12

 PCNA

0.61 ± 0.14

0.96 ± 0.12

0.44 ± 0.08

0.94 ± 0.03

0.54 ± 0.10

1.10 ± 0.09

0.69 ± 0.18

 CGA

0.54 ± 0.11

1.07 ± 0.15

0.67 ± 0.13

1.06 ± 0.32

0.58 ± 0.16

1.18 ± 0.31

0.52 ± 0.12

 EPCAM

0.89 ± 0.17

1.13 ± 0.04

0.96 ± 0.22

1.05 ± 0.12

0.86 ± 0.16

1.02 ± 0.09

0.72 ± 0.06

 IL-5

1.02 ± 0.49

1.01 ± 0.31

1.15 ± 0.27

1.04 ± 0.20

1.21 ± 0.42

0.71 ± 0.32

0.59 ± 0.28

 IL-8

2.11 ± 1.24

1.11 ± 0.35

1.82 ± 1.12

1.02 ± 0.16

2.82 ± 2.50

0.90 ± 0.19

1.92 ± 1.32

 TGF-β

0.55 ± 0.13

1.24 ± 0.12

0.78 ± 0.27

1.10 ± 0.16

0.62 ± 0.26

0.84 ± 0.32

0.49 ± 0.17

 IL-18

0.61 ± 0.20

1.19 ± 0.14

0.82 ± 0.14

1.02 ± 0.10

0.72 ± 0.12

0.78 ± 0.28

0.54 ± 0.25

 CXCL10

1.21 ± 1.04

1.27 ± 0.27

1.52 ± 1.41

0.81 ± 0.43

1.39 ± 1.26

1.05 ± 0.69

0.85 ± 0.43

 MIF

0.76 ± 0.18

1.14 ± 0.27

1.05 ± 0.15

1.21 ± 0.45

0.88 ± 0.22

0.78 ± 0.33

0.65 ± 0.21

  1. Transwell-grown equine enteroid monolayers were primed basolaterally with IL-4 and IL-13, apically subjected to ~20 living L3 of P. univalens, S. vulgaris or cyathostomins, combination of basolaterally IL-4 and IL-13 and apically to L3 or kept as untreated controls.
  2. After incubation, the monolayers were harvested and compared by qPCR analysis. The monolayers were generated from two individual horses, each subjected to apical and/or basolateral treatment in two separate experiments, giving a sample size of N = 4.
  3. Relative expression (fold change ± SD) of cell lineage markers, cytokine- and chemokine genes was normalized to the geometrical mean for the reference genes (GAPDH, HPRT and SDHA) and calibrated to that in the controls.