Figure 6

Live-cell imaging of equine enteroid monolayers during exposure to P. univalens, cyathostomin and S. vulgaris L3. A Confluent AIC-grown enteroid monolayers stained for nuclei (DAPI) and F-actin (phalloidin). B Snap-shot images showing nematode larvae atop the apical surface of equine enteroid monolayers. C Morphological patterns appearing as protruding cells with a ruffled surface (indicated by arrows) were observed after 48 h exposure to a mix of P. univalens, cyathostomin and S. vulgaris L3 (“L3”) but not in the control cultures (“C”). The figure shows a time-series of representative images from monolayers originating from one horse. D Proportion of cells displaying an altered apical surface morphology after 0, 24, 48 and 72 h incubation with or without larvae. Mean ± SD from two individual horses. Scale bars = 50 µm. *P < 0.05.