Figure 1

Illustration of the experimental setup. Equine 3D enteroids and 2D monolayers were generated from tissues originating from two individual horses. A Equine 3D enteroids from horse 1 cultured in plain growth medium or stimulated with eqIL-4 and IL-13 were used to optimize the labelling conditions for immunofluorescence microscopy (IF). B Equine 3D enteroids from horse 1 and 2 were disrupted to single cells, cultured as 2D monolayers on transwell supports and monitored by TEER. The monolayers were grown in plain growth medium or in the presence of eqIL-4/IL-13 before exposure to different combinations of P. univalens, cyathostomin or S. vulgaris larvae. Gene expression of cytokines/chemokines and cell lineage markers were examined by qPCR analysis, and verified by IF and SEM. C To enable live-cell imaging during exposure to nematode larvae, enteroid monolayers originating from horse 1 and 2 were cultured in AICs built to optimize the optical conditions for DIC microscopy of the apical epithelial surface. These AIC-grown monolayers were exposed to P. univalens, cyathostomin and S. vulgaris larvae and compared to parallel controls. Illustration created with https://www.BioRender.com.