Figure 5
From: Mitochondrial dysfunction induced by bedaquiline as an anti-Toxoplasma alternative
Morphological changes of parasite mitochondrial outer membrane due to BDQ treatment. A Immunofluorescence staining of T. gondii mitochondria outer membranes. Cell-cultured TgTOM40-FLAG parasites were treated with 10 μM BDQ and DMSO vehicle, and the localization of Tom40 protein was observed by IFA using anti-FLAG antibody (red). Parasite shapes were visualized by staining with anti-IMC1 antibody (green), and the nucleus was stained with Hoechst dye (blue). Scale bar = 5 μM. B Immunofluorescence staining of T. gondii mitochondria by Mito-tracker. T. gondii tachyzoites were co-cultured with different concentrations of BDQ (0—20 μM) for 20 h. Then, extracellular tachyzoites were stained with Mito-Tracker Red CMXRos. The different mitochondrial morphologies of BDQ-treated and untreated parasites were quantified by anti-FLAG antibody C and Mito-tracker staining D One hundred randomly selected tachyzoites were observed in each experiment. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey correction in Graph Pad Prism. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001. Transmission electron microscopy of T. gondii treated with DMEM (E) DMSO or BDQ (F). Enlarged images emphasis the mitochondria. (G) The abnormal mitochondria was statistically analyzed.