Gastric Helicobacter species associated with dogs, cats and pigs: significance for public and animal health

Table 1 **Phenotypic characteristics of dog-, cat- and pig-associated gastric non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacter species**

Characteristic	H. suis	H. felis	H. bizzozeronii	H. salomonis	H. heilmannii s.s.	H. ailurogastricus	H. baculiformis	H. cynogastricus
Length (µm)	2.3–6.7	5–7.5	5–10	5–7	3–6.5	3–5.5	10	10–18
Width (µm)	0.9–1.2	0.4	0.3	0.8–1.2	0.6–0.7	0.5–0.7	1	0.8–1
Periplasmic fibrils	−	+	−	−	−	−	+	+
Number of flagella per cell	4–10	14–20	10–20	10–23	4–10	6–8	11	6–12
Distribution of flagella	Bipolar	Bipolar	Bipolar	Bipolar	Bipolar	Bipolar	Bipolar	Bipolar
Flagellar sheath	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Urease	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Catalase	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Oxidase	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Nitrate reduction	−	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Alkaline phosphatase	+	+	+	+	−	+	+	+
Indoxyl acetate hydrolysis	−	−	+	+	−	−	−	−
γ-glutamyl transpeptidase	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Growth at 25 °C	−	−	−	−	−	−	−	−
Growth at 30 °C	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	ND	+
Growth at 37 °C	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Growth at 42 °C	−	+	+	−	−	−	−	−
Growth on 1% glycine	−	−	−	−	−	ND	−	−
Growth on 1% ox bile	−	ND	−	−	−	ND	−	−
Growth on 1.5% NaCl	−	−	−	−	−	ND	−	−
Type strain	HS1^T (= LMG 23995^T = DSM 19 735^T)	CS1 (= ATCC 49179)	CCUG 35 045 and CCUG 35 046	CCUG 37 845 (= Inkinen)	ASB1^T (= DSM 23 983^T = LMG 26 292^T)	ASB7^T (= DSM 100 489^T = LMG 28 648^T)	M50^T (= LMG 23 839^T = CCUG 53 816^T)	JKM4^T (= LMG 23 188^T)
Type strain isolated from	pig	cat	dog	dog	cat	cat	cat	dog

Data were obtained from Baele et al. (2008) [17], Paster et al. (1991) [23], Hänninen et al. (1996) [24], Jalava et al. (1997) [25], Van den Bulck et al. (2006) [26], Baele et al. (2008) [27], Smet et al. (2012) [28], Joosten et al. (2016) [29], Bento-Miranda et al. (2014) [3] and Haesebrouck et al. (2009) [9].
+ , positive; − , negative; ND, not determined.

ISSN: 1297-9716