Table 1 Comparison between 2 and 3D cultures for generating liver in vitro liver models
From: Liver organoids in domestic animals: an expected promise for metabolic studies
| Â | 2D culture | 3D culture |
|---|---|---|
Morphology | Monolayer | Organized aggregates with multiple layers |
Amplification | Easy and convenient | More complex Stable long-term cultures |
Differentiation | Directed but limited on flat and surface Constrained morphogenesis | Self-organization Feasibility of mixed 3D structures of hepatoblast, mesenchymal and vascular cells |
Genes and Proteins | Hepatoblast and hepatocyte with embryonic phenotypes | More mature hepatocytes—adult-like phenotypes |
Advantages | Fast and rapid establishment Relatively inexpensive, Well adapted to high throughput capacity | Partially mimicking the in vivo microenvironment Reproducing the apical-basal polarity in multicellular structures Control of factor gradient by microfluidic approaches |
Disadvantages | Flat surface Automatic apical-basal polarity not mimicking the tissue structure | Costly and more laborious High throughput capacity to be optimized |