Figure 5

Cytokine production in coculture of DCs and T cells in vitro. DCs treated with PBS or MLESs and CD4⁺ T cells (1 × 10⁶/well) were cocultured with OVA (1 mg/mL) for 72 h. During the final 18 h, 2.5 μg/mL concanavalin-A (Con-A) was added. The supernatants of DC and CD4⁺ T cell cocultures were harvested for cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β) analysis by ELISA. The results are shown as the mean ± SD (n = 3) of three different experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 as indicated by the line (one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test).