Table 3 Distribution of specific lesions in tissues of naturally WNV infected birds
From: Pathology and tissue tropism of natural West Nile virus infection in birds: a review
| Order* | ANSE | CHAR | CICO | FALC | GALL | PASS | PELE | PHOE | PSIT | STRI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family♦ | ANAT | LARI | ARDE | ACCI | FALC | PHAS | CORV | LANI | PASS | PHAL | PHOE | PSIT | STRI |
| Reference | [25, 71, 124] | [71] | [71] | [20, 26, 42, 71, 89, 91, 117, 119] | [20, 42] | [71, 83, 122] | [71, 80, 118, 120] | [81] | [121] | [71] | [71] | [87, 123] | [42, 66, 71, 79, 82, 90, 91, 119] |
| TISSUE/Lesion | |||||||||||||
| BRAIN | |||||||||||||
| Neuronal necrosis-degeneration | + | - | ND | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | + |
| Neuronal vacuolization | - | + | ND | + | - | + | + | - | - | + | - | - | - |
| Meningeal inflammatory infiltrates | + | - | ND | + | - | - | + | - | - | + | - | - | + |
| Gliosis | + | + | ND | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | + | + | + |
| Perivascular cuffs | + | + | ND | + | - | + | + | + | + | - | + | + | + |
| Glial nodules | + | + | ND | + | - | + | + | + | - | - | + | - | + |
| Vasculitis | - | - | ND | + | - | - | + | - | + | - | - | - | - |
| Hemorrhage | - | - | ND | - | - | + | - | - | - | + | - | - | + |
| SPINAL CORD | |||||||||||||
| Neuronal necrosis-degeneration | + | ND | ND | - | ND | ND | ND | NT | ND | ND | ND | ND | + |
| Inflammatory infiltrates | + | ND | ND | + | ND | ND | ND | NT | ND | ND | ND | ND | + |
| EYE | |||||||||||||
| Retinal cell necrosis | NT | NT | NT | + | NT | NT | ND | NT | NT | NT | NT | - | - |
| Inflammatory infiltrates | NT | NT | NT | + | NT | NT | ND | NT | NT | NT | NT | + | + |
| PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM | |||||||||||||
| Inflammatory infiltrates | ND | ND | ND | + | NT | ND | - | NT | NT | ND | ND | ND | + |
| HEART | |||||||||||||
| Myofibril necrosis | + | - | - | + | - | + | + | - | - | - | - | + | + |
| Myocytolisis-mineralization | + | + | + | + | - | + | + | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| Inflammatory infiltrates | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | - | + | + | + | + |
| Vasculitis | - | - | - | - | + | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Hemorrhage | - | + | + | + | - | + | + | - | - | + | + | + | - |
| SPLEEN | |||||||||||||
| Lymphoid cell necrosis/apoptosis | + | ND | + | + | - | + | + | + | - | + | ND | + | + |
| Fibrin deposition | - | ND | + | - | - | + | - | + | - | + | ND | - | + |
| Lymphoid cell depletion | - | ND | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | ND | - | + |
| Hemosiderosis | + | ND | - | + | - | + | + | - | + | - | ND | - | + |
| Hemorrhage | + | ND | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | ND | - | - |
| LIVER | |||||||||||||
| Hepatocyte necrosis | - | ND | ND | + | - | - | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Kupffer cell necrosis | - | ND | ND | - | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Inflammatory infiltrates | - | ND | ND | + | + | + | + | + | - | - | - | + | + |
| Vasculitis | - | ND | ND | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| LIVER | |||||||||||||
| Biliary duct hyperplasia | - | ND | ND | + | - | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - |
| Hemosiderosis | - | ND | ND | + | - | + | + | - | + | - | - | - | + |
| Hemorrhage | - | ND | ND | + | - | - | + | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| KIDNEY | |||||||||||||
| Tubular epithelial cell necrosis | - | ND | - | + | - | - | + | ND | + | - | - | + | + |
| Glomerular cell necrosis | - | ND | - | - | - | - | - | ND | - | - | - | + | + |
| Inflammatory infiltrates | + | ND | + | + | + | + | + | ND | + | + | + | + | + |
| Vasculitis | - | ND | - | - | + | - | - | ND | - | - | - | - | - |
| Hemorrhage | + | ND | - | - | - | - | - | ND | - | - | - | - | - |
| LUNG | |||||||||||||
| Cellular necrosis | - | ND | ND | + | - | - | + | - | - | ND | ND | - | + |
| Inflammatory infiltrates | - | ND | ND | + | - | + | + | - | + | ND | ND | - | + |
| Vasculitis | - | ND | ND | - | - | - | + | - | - | ND | ND | - | - |
| Edema | - | ND | ND | + | + | - | - | + | + | ND | ND | - | - |
| GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT | |||||||||||||
| Enterocyte necrosis | - | ND | ND | - | - | - | + | - | ND | - | - | - | + |
| Intestinal crypt cell necrosis | - | ND | ND | - | - | - | + | + | ND | + | + | + | + |
| Inflammatory infiltrates | - | ND | ND | + | - | + | + | - | ND | - | - | + | + |
| Hemorrhage | + | ND | ND | - | - | - | + | - | ND | - | + | - | - |
| ENDOCRINE SYSTEM | |||||||||||||
| Pancreatic acinar cell necrosis | + | ND | ND | - | ND | + | - | + | ND | - | + | + | + |
| Pancreatic inflammatory infiltrates | - | ND | ND | + | ND | + | - | - | ND | + | + | + | + |
| Adrenal gland cell necrosis | ND | ND | ND | - | NT | ND | - | NT | NT | ND | ND | + | - |
| Adrenal inflammatory infiltrates | ND | ND | ND | + | NT | ND | + | NT | NT | ND | ND | + | + |
| Thyroid gland cell necrosis | + | NT | NT | - | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | ND | ND |
| Thyroid inflammatory infiltrates | - | NT | NT | + | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | ND | ND |
| OTHER LYMPHOID ORGANS | |||||||||||||
| Bursal epithelial cell atrophy-apoptosis | - | NT | NT | + | NT | NT | NT | NT | - | NT | NT | ND | + |
| Bursal lymphoid cell atrophy-apoptosis | - | NT | NT | + | NT | NT | NT | NT | + | NT | NT | ND | + |
| Thymic lymphoid cell necrosis | + | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | NT | - | + |
| GONADS | |||||||||||||
| Cellular necrosis | ND | ND | ND | - | - | ND | NT | ND | NT | ND | ND | - | + |
| Inflammatory infiltrates | ND | ND | ND | - | - | ND | NT | ND | NT | ND | ND | - | + |
| SKELETAL MUSCLE | |||||||||||||
| Myofibril degeneration-necrosis | ND | NT | NT | + | - | - | ND | NT | NT | NT | NT | + | + |
| Inflammatory infiltrates | ND | NT | NT | + | + | + | ND | NT | NT | NT | NT | + | + |
| Fibrosis | ND | NT | NT | + | - | - | ND | NT | NT | NT | NT | - | + |
| SKIN | |||||||||||||
| Inflammatory infiltrates | NT | NT | NT | ND | NT | NT | NT | ND | NT | NT | NT | + | - |
| BONE MARROW | |||||||||||||
| Cellular necrosis | NT | NT | NT | ND | NT | - | + | NT | NT | NT | NT | ND | ND |
| Hypercellularity | NT | NT | NT | ND | NT | + | - | NT | NT | NT | NT | ND | ND |