Skip to main content

Table 3 Distribution of specific lesions in tissues of naturally WNV infected birds

From: Pathology and tissue tropism of natural West Nile virus infection in birds: a review

Order*

ANSE

CHAR

CICO

FALC

GALL

PASS

PELE

PHOE

PSIT

STRI

Family♦

ANAT

LARI

ARDE

ACCI

FALC

PHAS

CORV

LANI

PASS

PHAL

PHOE

PSIT

STRI

Reference

[25, 71, 124]

[71]

[71]

[20, 26, 42, 71, 89, 91, 117, 119]

[20, 42]

[71, 83, 122]

[71, 80, 118, 120]

[81]

[121]

[71]

[71]

[87, 123]

[42, 66, 71, 79, 82, 90, 91, 119]

TISSUE/Lesion

             

BRAIN

             

Neuronal necrosis-degeneration

+

-

ND

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

Neuronal vacuolization

-

+

ND

+

-

+

+

-

-

+

-

-

-

Meningeal inflammatory infiltrates

+

-

ND

+

-

-

+

-

-

+

-

-

+

Gliosis

+

+

ND

+

+

+

+

+

-

-

+

+

+

Perivascular cuffs

+

+

ND

+

-

+

+

+

+

-

+

+

+

Glial nodules

+

+

ND

+

-

+

+

+

-

-

+

-

+

Vasculitis

-

-

ND

+

-

-

+

-

+

-

-

-

-

Hemorrhage

-

-

ND

-

-

+

-

-

-

+

-

-

+

SPINAL CORD

             

Neuronal necrosis-degeneration

+

ND

ND

-

ND

ND

ND

NT

ND

ND

ND

ND

+

Inflammatory infiltrates

+

ND

ND

+

ND

ND

ND

NT

ND

ND

ND

ND

+

EYE

             

Retinal cell necrosis

NT

NT

NT

+

NT

NT

ND

NT

NT

NT

NT

-

-

Inflammatory infiltrates

NT

NT

NT

+

NT

NT

ND

NT

NT

NT

NT

+

+

PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM

             

Inflammatory infiltrates

ND

ND

ND

+

NT

ND

-

NT

NT

ND

ND

ND

+

HEART

             

Myofibril necrosis

+

-

-

+

-

+

+

-

-

-

-

+

+

Myocytolisis-mineralization

+

+

+

+

-

+

+

-

-

+

+

+

-

Inflammatory infiltrates

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

-

+

+

+

+

Vasculitis

-

-

-

-

+

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

Hemorrhage

-

+

+

+

-

+

+

-

-

+

+

+

-

SPLEEN

             

Lymphoid cell necrosis/apoptosis

+

ND

+

+

-

+

+

+

-

+

ND

+

+

Fibrin deposition

-

ND

+

-

-

+

-

+

-

+

ND

-

+

Lymphoid cell depletion

-

ND

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

ND

-

+

Hemosiderosis

+

ND

-

+

-

+

+

-

+

-

ND

-

+

Hemorrhage

+

ND

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

ND

-

-

LIVER

             

Hepatocyte necrosis

-

ND

ND

+

-

-

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

Kupffer cell necrosis

-

ND

ND

-

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

Inflammatory infiltrates

-

ND

ND

+

+

+

+

+

-

-

-

+

+

Vasculitis

-

ND

ND

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

LIVER

             

Biliary duct hyperplasia

-

ND

ND

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

+

-

-

Hemosiderosis

-

ND

ND

+

-

+

+

-

+

-

-

-

+

Hemorrhage

-

ND

ND

+

-

-

+

-

-

-

-

-

-

KIDNEY

             

Tubular epithelial cell necrosis

-

ND

-

+

-

-

+

ND

+

-

-

+

+

Glomerular cell necrosis

-

ND

-

-

-

-

-

ND

-

-

-

+

+

Inflammatory infiltrates

+

ND

+

+

+

+

+

ND

+

+

+

+

+

Vasculitis

-

ND

-

-

+

-

-

ND

-

-

-

-

-

Hemorrhage

+

ND

-

-

-

-

-

ND

-

-

-

-

-

LUNG

             

Cellular necrosis

-

ND

ND

+

-

-

+

-

-

ND

ND

-

+

Inflammatory infiltrates

-

ND

ND

+

-

+

+

-

+

ND

ND

-

+

Vasculitis

-

ND

ND

-

-

-

+

-

-

ND

ND

-

-

Edema

-

ND

ND

+

+

-

-

+

+

ND

ND

-

-

GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

             

Enterocyte necrosis

-

ND

ND

-

-

-

+

-

ND

-

-

-

+

Intestinal crypt cell necrosis

-

ND

ND

-

-

-

+

+

ND

+

+

+

+

Inflammatory infiltrates

-

ND

ND

+

-

+

+

-

ND

-

-

+

+

Hemorrhage

+

ND

ND

-

-

-

+

-

ND

-

+

-

-

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

             

Pancreatic acinar cell necrosis

+

ND

ND

-

ND

+

-

+

ND

-

+

+

+

Pancreatic inflammatory infiltrates

-

ND

ND

+

ND

+

-

-

ND

+

+

+

+

Adrenal gland cell necrosis

ND

ND

ND

-

NT

ND

-

NT

NT

ND

ND

+

-

Adrenal inflammatory infiltrates

ND

ND

ND

+

NT

ND

+

NT

NT

ND

ND

+

+

Thyroid gland cell necrosis

+

NT

NT

-

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

ND

ND

Thyroid inflammatory infiltrates

-

NT

NT

+

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

ND

ND

OTHER LYMPHOID ORGANS

Bursal epithelial cell atrophy-apoptosis

-

NT

NT

+

NT

NT

NT

NT

-

NT

NT

ND

+

Bursal lymphoid cell atrophy-apoptosis

-

NT

NT

+

NT

NT

NT

NT

+

NT

NT

ND

+

Thymic lymphoid cell necrosis

+

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

NT

-

+

GONADS

             

Cellular necrosis

ND

ND

ND

-

-

ND

NT

ND

NT

ND

ND

-

+

Inflammatory infiltrates

ND

ND

ND

-

-

ND

NT

ND

NT

ND

ND

-

+

SKELETAL MUSCLE

             

Myofibril degeneration-necrosis

ND

NT

NT

+

-

-

ND

NT

NT

NT

NT

+

+

Inflammatory infiltrates

ND

NT

NT

+

+

+

ND

NT

NT

NT

NT

+

+

Fibrosis

ND

NT

NT

+

-

-

ND

NT

NT

NT

NT

-

+

SKIN

             

Inflammatory infiltrates

NT

NT

NT

ND

NT

NT

NT

ND

NT

NT

NT

+

-

BONE MARROW

             

Cellular necrosis

NT

NT

NT

ND

NT

-

+

NT

NT

NT

NT

ND

ND

Hypercellularity

NT

NT

NT

ND

NT

+

-

NT

NT

NT

NT

ND

ND

  1. *ANSE Anseriformes, CHAR Charadriiformes, CICO Ciconiiformes, FALC Falconiformes, GALL Galliformes, PASS Passeriformes, PELE Pelecaniformes, PHOE Phoenicopteriformes, PSIT Psittaciformes, STRI Sitrigiformes.
  2. ♦ANAT Anatidae, LARI Laridae, ARDE Ardeidae, ACCI Accipitridae, FALC Falconidae, PHAS Phasianidae, CORV Corvidae, LANI Laniidae, PASS Passeridae, PHAL Phalacrocoracidae, PHOE Phoenicopteridae, PSIT Psittacidae, STRI Strigidae.
  3. ND: No described lesion. Tissues that were taken during necropsy but for which there are no lesions described.
  4. NT: Tissue not tested. Tissue not analyzed in the necropsy.
  5. + Lesion present. Lesion described by at least one author for the tissue.
  6. - Lesion absent. Lesion stated as absent or not specifically described by any author for the tissue.
Back to article page

Veterinary Research

ISSN: 1297-9716