From: Membrane fusion, potential threats, and natural antiviral drugs of pseudorabies virus
Name | PRV strains | Model | Inhibitory phase | Mechanism of action or pathway | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Curcumin | Rong A strain | Hippocampal neurons (rat) | / | Exhibits a neuroprotective effect against PrV infection via regulating the BDNF/TrkB pathway | [109] |
EGCG | XJ5 strain Ra strain | PK15 B6 cells, BALB/c mice | Multiple steps | Blocks PrV adsorption, entry, and replication in vitro | [132] |
Kaempferol | Ra strain | KM mice | Early phase | Reduces IE180 gene expression level and inhibits viral replication in vivo | [125] |
Quercetin | HNX strain | Vero cells, BALB/c mice | Early phase | Occupies most of the nectin-1 binding regions on gD Reduces the ROS secretion and alleviates oxidative stress | [129] [131] |
DMY | PRV | PK-15 cells | Early phase | Interferes with virus invasion and decreases pyroptosis | [133] |
IBC | PRV | PK-15 cells | Late stage | Inhibits the late stage of viral replication by blocking PrV-mediated cell-to-cell fusion | [134] |
FEA | PRV-GXLB-2013 strain | RAW264.7 cells | Late stage | Attenuates PrV-induced inflammation by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK pathways’ activation | [135] |
PGPSt | SX strain | PK-15 cells | early phase | Inhibits the accumulation of autophagosomes caused by PrV infection and upregulates the Akt/mammalian target of the rapamycin signaling pathway | [136] |
HRP | XJ5 strain | PK-15 cells | Early phase | Reduces malondialdehyde and ROS levels and increases superoxide dismutase activity | [141] |
PLP | XJ5 strain | PK-15 cells | Early phase | Reduces viral adsorption and entry and intracellular ROS levels and may have electrostatic interaction with cell surface proteins | [145] |
Resveratrol | Rong A strain, Bartha K-61, | PK15 cells, ICR mice, piglets | / | Inhibits IE180 transcriptional activation activity by targeting the Thr601, Ser603, and Pro606 sites of IE180 protein |