Table 1 Case reports of PrV infection in humans
From: Membrane fusion, potential threats, and natural antiviral drugs of pseudorabies virus
Case | Age/Sex/Occupation | Contact history | Clinical manifestation | Antiviral treatment* | Clinical outcomes | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 43/male/swineherd | Pigs | Fever, loss of consciousness, limb convulsions, mood abnormalities, eye deviation, urinary incontinence | Acyclovir, foscarnet | Psychiatric disorders, intermittent blurred vision, and impaired cognitive function | [84] |
2 | 51/female/housewife | Pork | Headache and drowsiness, fever, delirium, seizures, abnormal behavior | Acyclovir | Remained unconscious with the metal tracheostomy tube, a modified Rankin Scale of 5, and a Glasgow coma scale score of 7 | [93] |
3 | 68/male/swineherd | / | Fever, recurrent seizures, epileptics and respiratory failure | Acyclovir | Discharged unconscious and ventilator-dependent; the patient died 1Â week after discharge | |
4 | 54/male/slaughterhouse worker | Several minor cuts during the dissection of the dead pig | Cough, fever, fuzzy consciousness, fecal, headache, and urinary incontinence | Acyclovir, ribavirin | The prognosis was extremely poor as the patient was unable to wean off mechanical ventilation | [94] |
5 | 25/male/veterinarian | PRV-infected pigs | Fever, headache, memory loss, seizures, impaired consciousness | Ganciclovir, foscarnet | Permanent eye damage and blindness | Â |
6 | 35/male/pig butcher | Pigs and pork | Fever, respiratory failure, headache, memory loss, seizures, impaired consciousness | Acyclovir, foscarnet | Mild memory impairment | [9] |
7 | 49/male/pig butcher | Pork | Fever, respiratory failure, Headache, memory loss, seizures, impaired consciousness | Ganciclovir, foscarnet | Minimally consciousness | Â |
8 | 43/male/veterinarian | Diseased pigs | Fever, respiratory failure, headache, memory loss, seizures, impaired consciousness | Acyclovir, foscarnet | Persistent vegetative status | Â |
9 | 44/male/pig pork vendor | Direct contact with pork with injured fingers | Fever, seizures, consciousness disorder, encephalitis | Ganciclovir, acyclovir | Could perform eye movements and simple body movements in response to verbal commands, discharged after 6Â months in hospital | [95] |
10 | 50 /male/pig slaughterer | Finger was kicked by a pig | Fever, headache, visual disturbance, convulsions, urinary and stool incontinence | / | Slow responses with occasional seizures | Â |
11 | 50 /female/pork cutter | Hand injury | Fever, memory loss, coma, convulsion, respiratory failure | / | Difficulty breathing; required ventilator support | |
12 | 43 /male/sick pig handler | Hand injury | Fever, extremity tremors, respiratory failure | / | Followed simple instructions but showed blurry vision | Â |
13 | 59/male/pork cutter | Hand injury at work | Fever, extremity convulsions, respiratory failure | / | Difficulty breathing and required ventilator support | [86] |
14 | 50/male/pork cutter | No injury | Fever, extremity convulsions, altered mental status, respiratory failure | / | Slow responses and vision loss | Â |
15 | 43/male/veterinarian | Hands punctured during the autopsy process of dead swine | Fever, headache, tonic–clonic seizures, coma | Ribavirin, acyclovir | Dependent on tracheostomy and gastrostomy tubes, needed further neurological function rehabilitation | [96] |
16 | 46/female/swineherder | Sewage from a pig farm spilled into the eyes | Fever, headache, visual impairment | Acyclovir, valacyclovir | Lost the vitreous of the right eye | [11] |