Figure 3

Activity of phage FJ1 against ETEC EC43 on IPEC-1 cultured cells. A Free phage: the effect of FJ1 towards an ETEC O9:H9 cells, adhered to an IPEC-1 monolayer (cultured for 24 h in 96-well plates) was assessed. Bacterial load (CFU cm⁻²) was measured at 2 h, 4 h, 6 h and 24 h. Errors bars represent standard deviation for three experiments. Statistical significance of differences between treated and untreated groups was calculated using a two-way ANOVA test (** p-value < 0.01; *** p-value < 0.001; **** p-value < 0.0001); B Free and Microencapsulated phage: the effect of free and microencapsulated FJ1 towards ETEC O9:H9 adhered to an IPEC-1 cell monolayer (cultured for 24 h in 12-well plates, pH 6.5) was assessed and compared. Bacterial load (CFU cm⁻²) was measured at 3 h, 6 h and 24 h. Errors bars represent standard deviation for three experiments. Statistical significance of differences between treated and untreated groups was calculated using a two-way ANOVA test (**** p-value < 0.0001).