Figure 1

Phage characterization. A Microscopy observation. Transmission electron micrograph of phage FJ1. Black scale bar represents 100 nm; B One-step growth curve of FJ1 on the host strain, HJ1 (PFU per infected cell). Error bars represent standard deviation for an average of three experiments; C Genomic analysis. Representation of FJ1 genome: coloured arrows indicate open reading frames according to the putative function. Image was created using EasyFig; D Investigation of phage receptors. Effect of proteinase K (0.2 mg mL⁻¹) and periodate (50 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.2, 100 mM IO₄⁻) on phage adsorption (%) to host cells. Control assays were performed using distilled water. Errors bars represent standard deviation for an average of three experiments. Statistical significance of differences between treated and untreated groups was determined using the t test (* p-value < 0.05; *** p-value < 0.001; **** p-value < 0.001).