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Figure 1 | Veterinary Research

Figure 1

From: Fasciola hepatica primoinfections and reinfections in sheep drive distinct Th1/Th2/Treg immune responses in liver and hepatic lymph node at early and late stages

Figure 1

Gene expression levels in th liver of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α). Each bar represents the mean ± SEM of the mRNA molecules/pg of total RNA quantified individually in each of the 5 animals per experimental condition and sampling time after three real-time PCR reactions per individual. The non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test was used. A comparison between each infected group (primoinfected and reinfected) and the UC group was carried out showing significant differences: a P < 0.01 or b P < 0.05. A comparison between the primoinfected and reinfected groups in each timepoint was performed showing significant differences: c P < 0.01 or d P < 0.05. White bars: primoinfected group; grey bars: reinfected group.

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