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Table 1 Phosphorylation substrates of Us3 homologous protein kinases in alphaherpesvirus

From: Regulation of alphaherpesvirus protein via post-translational phosphorylation

Alphaherpesvirus

Phosphorylated protein

Phosphorylation site

Functions regulated by phosphorylation

HSV-1/2, PRV, DPV, MDV-1

Us3

Ser-147

Activates kinase activity; promotes HSK development and virus replication [73]

HSV-1

gB

Thr-887

Regulates the expression of gB on the cell surface [28, 29]

HSV-1

Us8A

Ser-61

Increases the neuroinvasive ability of the virus [176, 177]

HSV-2

UL7

Not detected

Induces virus replication and pathogenicity [166]

HSV-1

UL12

Tyr-371, Thr-474 and Ser-604

Regulates exonuclease activity, viral replication, neurovirulence [30, 31, 119]

HSV-1

UL31

Ser-11, Ser-24, Ser-26, Ser-27, Ser-40, and/or Ser-43 [92]

Nuclear membrane localization of UL31/UL34 [47, 92]

HSV-1

UL34

Thr-195, Ser-198

Not reported

HSV-1

UL41 (VHS)

Not detected

Degrade host mRNAs, shut down host protein synthesis; induce viral replication and regulation of the PKR-mediated immune response [171]

HSV-1

UL46 (VP11/12)

Not detected

Induces expression of viral genes, interacts with other proteins and viral progeny s [178, 180]

HSV-1, BoHV-1

UL47

Ser-77,Ser-88 and Thr-685

Induces viral DNA encapsulation and secondary envelopment [33] and nuclear localization [71, 136]

BoHV-1

UL49(VP22)

Not detected

Induce virus assembly [149, 150, 153]

HSV-1

UL51

Ser-184

Induces viral replication and virulence [34]

VZV

IE62

Ser-686, Ser-722

Promotes cellular localization [161, 162]