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Table 2 Sex-specific vaccine efficacy.

From: Sex—the most underappreciated variable in research: insights from helminth-infected hosts

Vaccine

Host

Level of protection

References

Males

Females

cDNA-CPFhW/pcDNA3.1a

Rat

100%

74%

[156]

CPFhW inclusion bodiesb

Cattle

None

54%

[157]

CPFhW inclusion bodiesb

Sheep

26%

None

[157]

cDNA-FhPGK/pCMVb

Rat

None

67%

[158]

FhPGKa

Rat

55%

69%

[158]

cDNA-FhPCW/pCMVa

Rat

None

19%

[159]

cDNA-FhPGK/pCMVa

Rat

None

48%

[129]

Fh-CL3-1a

Rat

47%

None

[160, 161]

Fh-CL3-2a

Rat

63%

21%

[160, 161]

CPFhWc

Sheep

55%

20%

[162]

CPFhWc

Cattle

46%

68%

[162]

  1. aIntramuscular delivery.
  2. bIntranasal delivery.
  3. cOral delivery.