Increased arginine, lysine, and methionine levels can improve the performance, gut integrity and immune status of turkeys but the effect is interactive and depends on challenge conditions

Table 4 Selected immunological and redox parameters in the jejunum of turkeys at 28 days of age

Parameter		N	Amyloid A [ug/g]	Ig A [ng/g]	Ig M [ng/g]	Ig Y [ng/g]	IL-6 [pg/g]	IL-2 [pg/g]	Cp [ng/g]	Casp3 [ng/g]	Casp8 [ng/g]	OGG1 [ng/g]	APEX1 [ng/gL]	8-OHdG [ng/mL]
Diet¹
Low ArgLysMet		24	26.87	44.61	31.45	326.7	9.72	11.65	598.7	15.41	30.44	63.92^b	3.243	24.44
High ArgLysMet		24	22.59	45.3	32.16	330.5	10.38	11.12	624.9	14.15	31.18	74.12^a	3.553	22.92
Challenge²
No		16	23.34	41.78^b	32.63	335.0^a	8.71^b	10.94	562.2^b	14.37	32.20^a	72.73^a	3.287	19.18^c
C. perfringens		16	25.76	56.84^a	33.59	385.2^a	11.94^a	12.30	624.0^ab	14.03	27.63^b	63.05^b	3.11	24.37^b
LPS		16	25.09	36.23^b	29.19	265.6^b	9.49^ab	10.92	649.2^a	15.94	32.60^a	71.28^ab	3.798	27.47^a
Treatments
Low ArgLysMet	No	8	19.44	34.68	30.60^ab	318.7	7.08^b	8.92	521.7	15.47	34.28	73.36	3.506	21.64
Low ArgLysMet	C. perfringens	8	23.25	52.31	29.82^ab	360.3	11.10^ab	10.77	617.4	14.93	24.88	63.96	2.894	23.82
Low ArgLysMet	LPS	8	37.93	46.83	33.91^ab	301.2	10.98^ab	15.27	656.9	15.83	32.15	54.44	3.33	27.84
High ArgLysMet	No	8	27.24	48.89	34.65^a	351.4	10.35^ab	12.96	602.7	13.27	30.12	72.09	3.067	16.73
High ArgLysMet	C. perfringens	8	28.26	61.38	37.35^a	410	12.78^a	13.83	630.5	13.13	30.37	62.14	3.327	24.92
High ArgLysMet	LPS	8	12.25	25.63	24.48^b	230	7.99^ab	6.57	641.4	16.05	33.04	88.11	4.266	27.1
SEM
P-value			1.585	2.41	1.08	11.263	0.658	0.728	14.85	0.352	0.78	2.039	0.211	0.675
Diet			0.068	0.848	0.709	0.848	0.507	0.589	0.361	0.06	0.588	0.001	0.247	0.08
Challenge			0.001	0.001	0.151	0.001	0.027	0.423	0.046	0.049	0.008	0.015	0.100	0.001
Diet × Challenge			0.001	0.001	0.002	0.029	0.034	0.001	0.370	0.276	0.022	0.001	0.111	0.001

¹Low ArgLysMet, diets with low arginine, lysine and methionine levels; High ArgLysMet, diets with high arginine, lysine and methionine levels.
²At 25, 26, and 27 days of age, birds were challenged either with C. perfringens type A strain 56 (C. perfringens) or lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli (LPS), or served as a placebo group with no challenge (No). ^a,bMeans within a row with different superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05).

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