Figure 1

DTMUV induces apoptosis in DEFs. A Nuclear morphological changes in cells infected with DTMUV for the indicated number of hours. At 24, 36, 48, and 60 h, the arrows indicate that the nuclei of infected cells appeared as typical fragmented and marginated apoptotic bodies. B Representative photographs of TUNEL staining in DEFs infected with DTMUV for the indicated number of hours. C Quantitative analysis of TUNEL-positive cell content among groups. All values are denoted as the means ± SEMs for green cells from 10 images obtained in randomly selected fields from each group. D Ratio of apoptosis as analysed by double staining with annexin V-FITC and PI followed by flow cytometry. Representative images are shown (n = 3). E Bar graph of the percentage of apoptotic cells. Statistical significance was assessed with Student’s t test, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001.