Figure 1

Overall schematic of the workflow. A Three different primers were screened through the limit of detection (LOD) study. The best-selected primers in each species were highlighted inside the black rectangle. B Several combinations of DNA were diluted in water and tested in the lab environment to study off-target behavior in pH-sensitive colorimetric reactions. C Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was conducted on-farm with a prepared colorimetric master-mix and later repeated in-lab. A precision cooker was used as a heating device to confirm the ability of our test in a resource-limited setting. PM, Pasteurella multocida; MH, Mannheimia haemolytica; HS, Histophilus somni.