Figure 5

Effect of FA on the NF-κB and Nrf2 signalling pathways in BMECs cultured in the presence or absence of LPS. Cells were treated with LPS and/or different doses of FA for the indicated times before total protein (A–C) or nucleoprotein (D) extracts were prepared. Protein expression was quantified using Western blot analysis. A Cells were challenged with LPS (50 μg/mL) for 12 h after a 2 h incubation with the indicated concentrations (0, 5, 10, or 15 μg/mL) of FA in serum-free media, and then the levels of p-P65 and Nrf2 was detected. B Cells were challenged with LPS (50 μg/mL) for different times after a 2 h incubation with FA (15 μg/mL) or serum-free media, and then the levels of IκBα, p-IκBα, p-P65, Nrf2 and Keap-1 was detected. C Cells were incubated with FA (15 μg/mL) for different times, and then the levels of IκBα, p-IκBα, p-p65, Keap1 and Nrf2 were detected. D Cells were incubated with FA (15 μg/mL) for different times, and then the levels of the nucleoproteins p-p65 and Nrf2 were detected. One representative Western blot among three independent experiments is shown, and the expression of the studied proteins was normalized to β-actin or Histone H3. Data are shown as the means ± SEM (n = 3). Con: control group. ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 compared with the control group.