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Figure 2 | Veterinary Research

Figure 2

From: Ferulic acid inhibits LPS-induced apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells by regulating the NF-κB and Nrf2 signalling pathways to restore mitochondrial dynamics and ROS generation

Figure 2

Effect of FA on LPS-induced BMEC apoptosis and proinflammatory factor release. Cells were pretreated with the indicated concentrations (0, 5, 10, or 15 μg/mL) of FA diluted with serum-free medium for 2 h before exposure to LPS (50 μg/mL) for 12 h. A Cell apoptosis was measured using flow cytometry following annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) staining. Cells in the lower right quadrant (positive for annexin V and negative for PI) were early apoptotic cells. Cells in the upper right (UR) quadrant (both annexin V- and PI-positive) were late apoptotic cells. B Late apoptotic cells (cells in the Q1-UR quadrant) were counted. C The mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were quantified using RT-qPCR. The data are presented as means ± SEM (n = 3). ###P < 0.001 compared with the control group, *P < 0.05 compared with the LPS group, and ***P < 0.001 compared with the LPS group.

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Veterinary Research

ISSN: 1297-9716