Perspectives for improvement of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines in pigs

Table 6 Efficacy and/or immune responses of experimental bacterin vaccines against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae tested in pigs.

Mycoplasma strain	Adjuvant/carrier	Route	Nb of vaccinations	Challenge infection	Decrease of			Humoral response		CMI response^a	Other/comments	References
Mycoplasma strain	Adjuvant/carrier	Route	Nb of vaccinations	Challenge infection	Lung lesions	Clinical signs	M. hyopneumoniae numbers	Serum	BALF^b	CMI response^a	Other/comments	References
PRIT-5	Micro-encapsulated (oral); Al(OH)3 (IM)	Oral – IM	3	Yes	Yes			IgG, IgA	IgA (nose, saliva)		Highest humoral responses in oral group	[103]
PRIT-5	Micro-encapsulated (oral); Al(OH)3 (IM)	Oral – IM – IM/oral	3	Yes	Yes			IgG, IgA	IgA (nose, saliva)		Highest humoral responses in oral/combined groups Best protection in IM/oral group	[104]
F7.2C ^c	Lipo_AMP	IM-IM	2	No				IgG, no IgA	no IgA	Th1 – no Th17	E: 3/3 – L: 3/3 ^d	[105]
	Lipo_TLR	IM-IM								no Th1 – no Th17	E: 3/3 – L: 3/3
	Lipo_DDA:TDB	ID-IM								Th1 – no Th17	E: 2/3 – L: 1/3
	SWE_TLR	IM-IM								Th1 – no Th17	E: 3/3 – L: 1/3
	PLGA_TLR	IM-IM						No IgG/IgA	no IgA	no Th1 – Th17	E: 0/3 – L: 0/3
F7.2C	Lipo_DDA:TDB	IM-IM	2	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	IgG, IgA	IgA	Th1, Th17, CD8 +	Also reduction of microscopic lung lesions IgA response only after challenge Highest efficacy in SWE_TLR group	[106]
	SWE_TLR									Th1, Th17, CD8 +
	PLGA_TLR									Th1, no Th17, CD8 +

IM, Intramuscularly; ID, intradermally.
^aCMI responses were tested by stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
^bBALF bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.
^cThe bacterin was formulated with 1) cationic liposomes + STING ligand c-di-AMP (Lipo_AMP), 2) cationic liposomes with TLR ligands targeting TLR1/2, TLR7/8 and TLR9 (Lipo_TLR), 3) cationic liposome formulation with the MINCLE agonist trehalose 6,6-dibehenate DDA:TDB liposomes (Lipo_DDA:TDB), 4) squalene-in-water emulsion with the same TLR ligands (SWE_TLR), 5) microparticle formulation with the same TLR ligands (PLGA_TLR).
^dNumber of induced blood transcriptional modules (BTM) by the vaccine group. In total, three early (E) (day 0 to 1) and three late (L) (day 1 to 7) different BTM) were measured: early inflammatory, early IFN type I, early myeloid cell/DC, late cell cycle, late T/NK-cell, late Ig.

ISSN: 1297-9716