Figure 4From: Klebsiella pneumoniae infection causes mitochondrial damage and dysfunction in bovine mammary epithelial cellsEffects of Klebsiella pneumoniae on oxidative response in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). bMECs incubated with Klebsiella pneumoniae (strain HLJ-D2 and HB-AF5) for 0, 1, 3, 6 and 12 h were collected for assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA) (A), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (B) and ROS concentrations (C). C Concentrations of ROS were assessed using fluorescence microscopy. D Concentrations of ROS were quantified with Image J software. Data are mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Statistical significance indicated by: ∗ P < 0.05, ∗  ∗ P < 0.01 for comparisons of HLJ-D2 and HB-AF5 to the control group, and #P < 0.05, ##P < 0.01 for comparisons between HLJ-D2 and HB-AF5 at the same time point.Back to article page