Type of models | Species | Specificities | Potential applications | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Skin explants from biopsies cultured ex vivo | Rabbit | Skin ears epidermis organotypically cultured ex vivo in a diffusion chamber | Optimisation of explant culture conditions. Skin keratinization model | [134] |
Pig | Ears skin cultivated ex vivo for dermatological pharmacokinetic purposes | Tool for topical application of pharmaceutic products | [137] | |
Pig | Skin explants obtained from Gottingen minipig cultured in medium. Dermis thickness shaved down from 20 to 2–3 mm | Surrogate for human skin for skin safety studies | [141] | |
Pig | Pig ear skin explant seeded onto a gelatin coated polycarbonate transwell insert and cultured ex vivo at ALI | Tool to assess UV effects, apoptosis or to evaluate the photoprotective capacity of cosmetic formulations | [138] | |
Pig | Dorsal skin punches biopsied cultured ex vivo as explants (with a cornified layer) and maintained at ALI | Optimization of animal explants cultures methods. May be a tool to study animals skins diseases | [133] | |
Cow | Bovine claw epidermis explants. Hard horn removed and the remaining tissue constituted by a dermis and an epidermis (with a cornified layer) was cultivated in medium at ALI on a metal grid | Investigation of epidermal keratinization | [135] | |
Sheep | Interdigital skin explants cultivated ex vivo | Investigation of anaerobic bacterial infection in the skin | [136] | |
Dog | Skin punch biopsies cultured ex vivo 2Â weeks immersed in serum-medium | Study of dog skin physiology or pharmacological responses | [145] | |
Dog | Lateral flank/abdominal skin punches. Cornified layer maintained in ALI during culture | Optimization of animal explants cultures methods. May be a tool to study animals skins diseases | [133] | |
Chicken | Skin explants cultured on chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) | Development studies on chicken skin appendages | [22] | |
Chicken | Embryonic skin explants, cultivated at ALI on a filter based or semi-solid agar | Development studies on chicken skin appendages, Simplified model to study responses underlying skin burning | [142] | |
3-D reconstructed epidermis with primary cells | Dog | Epidermis equivalent obtained from primary keratinocytes cultured at ALI onto a porcine aDED matrix | Characterization of a canine epidermis model. May be a tool for dermatological researches | [39] |
Horse | Epidermal-like architecture obtained from culture of keratinocytes on an inert transwell system | Tool for modelling skins diseases, drug testing and maybe equine regenerative medicine | [41] | |
3-D reconstructed FTS with primary keratinocytes cells (modified Bell’s method) | Sheep | Skin equivalent obtained from culture at ALI of primary ovine keratinocytes onto a dermal (primary ovine fibroblasts) collagen matrix. Used for 3D induction of follicles with the incorporation of the whole derma papillae or cultured papilla cells into the skin equivalent | Study of chemical that may facilitate hair follicle development | [44] |
Sheep | Skin equivalent obtained from primary lamb keratinocytes (PLKs) culture at ALI 12Â days on a living collagen scaffold (type I rat tail) with 3T3 J2 fibroblasts | Model of infection in the skin | [43] | |
Dog | Skin equivalent obtained from primary canine keratinocytes cultured at ALI onto a dermal (canine primary fibroblasts)-collagen (type I rat tail) lattice | Investigate canine skin biology and pathology | [38] | |
Horse | Skin equivalent obtained from the seeding of primary horse keratinocytes onto a type-I collagen dermal scaffold as matrix and cultured 2Â weeks at ALI | Characterization of equine skin equivalent, may be further a tool for equine regenerative medicine | [42] | |
3-D reconstructed epidermis with keratinocytes derived from progenitor cells | Dog | Reconstruction of a canine epidermis with a stratum corneum. Canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes (CPEK) seeded on a living dermal substitute (primary fibroblasts mixed with collagen) and cultured at ALI | Tool to study stratum corneum canine barrier function | [147] |
Dog | Epidermal equivalent obtained from canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes (CPEK) cultured at ALI onto a type-I collagen dermis equivalent | In vitro tool to study tight junctions in dogs | [148] | |
3-D reconstructed epidermis with keratinocytes derived from iPSC | Horse | Conditional reprogramming of cells. Culture of keratinocytes derived from equine induced pluripotent stem cells (eiPSCs) at ALI | Development of equine skins models using conditional reprogramming. Eventual utility for autologous transplantation | [149] |
3-D reconstructed epidermis with bulge cells-enriched keratinocytes | Dog | Use of bulge stem cells keratinocytes from canine hair follicles. Cultured at ALI on a collagen-canine fibroblasts lattice | May be a model for dog skin regenerative therapy | [150] |