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Table 2 3D Skin models in domestic animals/rent and companions mammals and birds

From: 3D skin models in domestic animals

Type of models

Species

Specificities

Potential applications

References

Skin explants from biopsies cultured ex vivo

Rabbit

Skin ears epidermis organotypically cultured ex vivo in a diffusion chamber

Optimisation of explant culture conditions. Skin keratinization model

[134]

Pig

Ears skin cultivated ex vivo for dermatological pharmacokinetic purposes

Tool for topical application of pharmaceutic products

[137]

Pig

Skin explants obtained from Gottingen minipig cultured in medium. Dermis thickness shaved down from 20 to 2–3 mm

Surrogate for human skin for skin safety studies

[141]

Pig

Pig ear skin explant seeded onto a gelatin coated polycarbonate transwell insert and cultured ex vivo at ALI

Tool to assess UV effects, apoptosis or to evaluate the photoprotective capacity of cosmetic formulations

[138]

Pig

Dorsal skin punches biopsied cultured ex vivo as explants (with a cornified layer) and maintained at ALI

Optimization of animal explants cultures methods. May be a tool to study animals skins diseases

[133]

Cow

Bovine claw epidermis explants. Hard horn removed and the remaining tissue constituted by a dermis and an epidermis (with a cornified layer) was cultivated in medium at ALI on a metal grid

Investigation of epidermal keratinization

[135]

Sheep

Interdigital skin explants cultivated ex vivo

Investigation of anaerobic bacterial infection in the skin

[136]

Dog

Skin punch biopsies cultured ex vivo 2 weeks immersed in serum-medium

Study of dog skin physiology or pharmacological responses

[145]

Dog

Lateral flank/abdominal skin punches. Cornified layer maintained in ALI during culture

Optimization of animal explants cultures methods. May be a tool to study animals skins diseases

[133]

Chicken

Skin explants cultured on chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM)

Development studies on chicken skin appendages

[22]

Chicken

Embryonic skin explants, cultivated at ALI on a filter based or semi-solid agar

Development studies on chicken skin appendages, Simplified model to study responses underlying skin burning

[142]

3-D reconstructed epidermis with primary cells

Dog

Epidermis equivalent obtained from primary keratinocytes cultured at ALI onto a porcine aDED matrix

Characterization of a canine epidermis model. May be a tool for dermatological researches

[39]

Horse

Epidermal-like architecture obtained from culture of keratinocytes on an inert transwell system

Tool for modelling skins diseases, drug testing and maybe equine regenerative medicine

[41]

3-D reconstructed FTS with primary keratinocytes cells (modified Bell’s method)

Sheep

Skin equivalent obtained from culture at ALI of primary ovine keratinocytes onto a dermal (primary ovine fibroblasts) collagen matrix. Used for 3D induction of follicles with the incorporation of the whole derma papillae or cultured papilla cells into the skin equivalent

Study of chemical that may facilitate hair follicle development

[44]

Sheep

Skin equivalent obtained from primary lamb keratinocytes (PLKs) culture at ALI 12 days on a living collagen scaffold (type I rat tail) with 3T3 J2 fibroblasts

Model of infection in the skin

[43]

Dog

Skin equivalent obtained from primary canine keratinocytes cultured at ALI onto a dermal (canine primary fibroblasts)-collagen (type I rat tail) lattice

Investigate canine skin biology and pathology

[38]

Horse

Skin equivalent obtained from the seeding of primary horse keratinocytes onto a type-I collagen dermal scaffold as matrix and cultured 2 weeks at ALI

Characterization of equine skin equivalent, may be further a tool for equine regenerative medicine

[42]

3-D reconstructed epidermis with keratinocytes derived from progenitor cells

Dog

Reconstruction of a canine epidermis with a stratum corneum.

Canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes (CPEK) seeded on a living dermal substitute (primary fibroblasts mixed with collagen) and cultured at ALI

Tool to study stratum corneum canine barrier function

[147]

Dog

Epidermal equivalent obtained from canine progenitor epidermal keratinocytes (CPEK) cultured at ALI onto a type-I collagen dermis equivalent

In vitro tool to study tight junctions in dogs

[148]

3-D reconstructed epidermis with keratinocytes derived from iPSC

Horse

Conditional reprogramming of cells. Culture of keratinocytes derived from equine induced pluripotent stem cells (eiPSCs) at ALI

Development of equine skins models using conditional reprogramming. Eventual utility for autologous transplantation

[149]

3-D reconstructed epidermis with bulge cells-enriched keratinocytes

Dog

Use of bulge stem cells keratinocytes from canine hair follicles. Cultured at ALI on a collagen-canine fibroblasts lattice

May be a model for dog skin regenerative therapy

[150]