Diagnosis of tuberculosis in wildlife: a systematic review

Table 3 Details of immunological diagnosis in European badger.

Assay test	N/E	n_{Se +}n_Sp	Antigen	Se (%)	Sp (%)	References
Skin test	N	10 + 37	bPPD, NT, whole killed bovine tubercle bacilli	70	73	[64]
IGRA	N	46 + 185	bPPD, aPPD	74.5 80.9^a	93.6 93.6^a	[80]
			ESAT-6/CFP-10	60.9 60.9 ^a	94.6 94.6 ^a
	N	ND	bPPD, aPPD	79.9	95	[143]
	N	39 + 147	bPPD, aPPD	84.6^b	92.5^b	[96]
	N	7 + 40	bPPD, aPPD	57.1^c	97.5^c	[96]
	N	ND	bPPD, aPPD	52	97	[142]
LTA	N	8 + 13	bPPD, aPPD	87.5	84.6	[92]
qRT-PCR of cytokines expression	N	53 + 194	bPPD, ESAT-6/CFP-10	64.2	93.3	[93]
ELISA	N	25 + 28	P22	80^d, 76^e	85.7^d, 85.7^e	[99]
ELISA	E	34 + 36	P22	82^d,79^e	80.56^d, 83.3^e	[99]
Brock test	N	8 + 13	MPB83	62.5	100	[92]
	N	41 + 33	MPB83	46	82	[95]
	N	340 + 817	MPB83	54.7^b	93^b	[96]
	N	39 + 238	MPB83	53.9^c	96.6^c	[96]
	N	51 + 193	MPB83	52.9	90.7	[93]
	N	78 + 100	MPB83	47.4	89	[101]
Dachs TB ELISA	N	41 + 33	MPB83	61	82	[95]
MAPIA	N	78 + 100	M. bovis antigens^f M. bovis antigens^g	48.7 59	88 84	[101]
BrockTB STAT-PAK	N	340 + 817 39 + 238	ESAT-6, CFP-10, MPB83	49.7^b 56.4^c	92.5^b 96.2^c	[96]
	N	ND	ESAT-6, CFP-10, MPB83	50.4	96.9	[143]
	N	NM	ESAT-6, CFP-10, MPB83	59.09	66.67	[139]
	N	ND	ESAT-6, CFP-10, MPB83	58	97	[142]
DPP Vet TB	N	38 + 418	ESAT-6, CFP-10, MPB83	50	95	[123]
RT	N	454 + 1078	ESAT-6, CFP-10, MPB83	50.7	93.1	[109]
	N	78 + 100	MPB83, TBF 10	52.6	95	[101]

N/E: natural or experimental infection; n_Se: number of TB positive animals used for evaluation of Se; n_Sp: number of TB negative animals used for evaluation of Sp; Se: sensitivity; Sp: specificity; IGRA: interferon gamma release assay; ELISA: enzyme linked immunosorbent assay; LTA: comparative lymphocyte transformation assay; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay; MAPIA: multiantigenimmunoprint assay; NT: new tuberculin; Brock TB STAT-PAK: lateral flow rapid test (Chembio Diagnostic Systems, Inc., USA); RT: rapid test (name not mentioned).
^aSe and Sp based on rabbit monoclonal antiserum (mEIA) instead of polyclonal pair (pEIA) of antibodies in other studies; ND: not defined, Se and Sp are calculated based on Bayesian analysis; NM: not mentioned in the article; NE: not estimated.
^bSe or Sp in adults.
^cSe or Sp in cubs.
^dIndirect ELISA.
^eCompetitive ELISA.
^fRecombinant antigens only i.e., ESAT-6, CFP-10,MPB59, MPB64, MPB70, MPB83, 16-kDa protein, 38-kDa protein, CFP-10/ESAT-6 and 16 kDa protein/MPB83.
^gRecombinant antigens and M. bovis culture filtrate.

ISSN: 1297-9716