Table 2 Comparison of methodology and results of research reports analyzing E.coli BGs as empty cell envelope

EHEC O157H7 [26]

E-Lysis and SNUC

Mice/oral/4.8 × 10⁹ BGs

IgG, IgA, IFNγ, cell proliferation/humoral and CMI response, protection against lethal heterologous challenge

EHEC O157H7 [37]

E-Lysis and SNUC

Mice/rectal/4.8 × 10⁹ BGs

IgG, IgA, IFNγ, cell proliferation/humoral and CMI response, protection against lethal heterologous challenge

APEC O2 (DE17ΔluxSΔaroA) [36]

E-Lysis and SNUC

Chicken/S.C./10⁹ CFU/0.3 mL

Histopathological analysis, IgG, IFNγ, TNF-α, IL-6/o pathological changes, IgG, IFNγ and TNF-α production

APEC O2K1 [28]

E-Lysis

Chicken/Inha., Inj./10¹⁰ CFU/mL

IgY, IgA, IFNγ, lesion scores/IgY, IgA antibodies and IFNγ production, reduced lesions in internal organs

APEC O78K80 [27]

E-Lysis

Chicken/Inha., Inj./10¹⁰ BGs/mL

IgY, IgA, IFNγ, lesion scores/IgY, IgA antibodies and IFNγ production, reduced lesions in internal organs

APEC O78K80 (this study)

E-Lysis and SNUC

Chicken/Inha., Inj./10¹¹ BGs/mL

IgY, IgA, IFNγ, cell proliferation, proinflammatory cytokines expression, lesion scores/humoral and CMI response, IL-6, IL-1β, and TNFα (TNFSF15) expression, reduced lesions in internal organs