Skip to main content
Figure 4 | Veterinary Research

Figure 4

From: Design, development, and evaluation of the efficacy of a nucleic acid-free version of a bacterial ghost candidate vaccine against avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) O78:K80 serotype

Figure 4

Expression profile of proinflammatory cytokines. RT-qPCR analysis of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6 (A), IL-1β (B), and TNFSF15 (C) in the immunized and non-immunized chickens at days 38, after challenging with the wild type E. coli O78:K80. The transcripts for each gene were quantified relative to β-actin levels in each group. The absolute copy number for IL-6, IL-1β, TNFSF15, and β-actin transcripts were quantified based on the related standard curves, and for three series of cDNAs from chicken PBMCs. The significant differences between groups are shown as ****p ≤ 0.0001, ***p ≤ 0.001, **p ≤ 0.01 and *p ≤ 0.05. Black dots: negative control group; grey squares: only Exposure group; red triangles: inhalation. BGs + Exposure group; blue triangle: injection. BGs + Exposure group; green squares: killed vaccine + Exposure group.

Back to article page