Figure 5

Butyrate suppressedS. Infantis–induced activation of autophagy and alleviated lysosomal damage caused byS. Infantis in Caco-2 cells. A Western blot analysis for the expression levels of ATG5, Beclin1, LC3-II, and p62 proteins in vivo. The lower panels show the quantitation analysis by Image J software. B Western blot analysis for the expression levels of ATG5, Beclin1, LC3-II, and p62 proteins in vitro. The right panel shows the quantitation analysis by Image J software. C Western blot analysis for the expression levels of LAMP1, LAMP2, ATP6V1A, ATP6V1B2, and ATP6V1E1 proteins in Caco-2 cells. D Immunofluorescence staining of the number of lysosomes in Caco-2 cells. Red: lysosomes. Green: S. Infantis. All data were presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6), *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.