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Figure 6 | Veterinary Research

Figure 6

From: Intranasally administered protein coated chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating influenza H9N2 HA2 and M2e mRNA molecules elicit protective immunity against avian influenza viruses in chickens

Figure 6

Antigen-specific ELISA, VNT and cell mediated immune response. Chickens (n = 17 in each group) were intranasally vaccinated with empty CNPs, CNPs delivering antigens in both protein (Pr) and mRNA formats (CNPs + mRNA + Pr) or CNPs delivering antigens in protein (Pr) format only (CNPs + Pr) and 3 weeks later chickens were boasted with the same dose and route. An indirect ELISA analyzed the serum IgG and mucosal IgA responses at 14 and 28 days post-first vaccination. A M2e-specific IgG responses. B HA2-HA1-specific IgG responses. C M2e-specific IgA responses. D HA2-HA1-specific IgA responses. E VNT post-challenge. Each data points represent mean ± SD of six chickens per group. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001. ns, non-significant. A significant concerning CNPs and CNPs + Pr; b, concerning CNPs only. F Lymphocyte proliferative responses against each antigen (n = 6), *** p < 0.001. G Flow cytometry analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell response against HA2-HA1 antigen. ***p < 0.001.

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Veterinary Research

ISSN: 1297-9716