Figure 9

duHMGB1 over-expression in DEF cells modulates gene expression pattern of pattern recognition receptors, cytokines and anti-viral molecules after NDRV infection. The experimental group was DEF cells transfected with duHMGB1, and the control group was DEF cells transfected with empty vector. After 24 h transfection, the cells were infected with NDRV at 10 TCID₅₀/mL. Cells were collected at 24, 36, 48 and 60 hpi analyzing inducible gene expressions using qRT-PCR. Fold-changes in gene expression were calculated using the 2^−ΔΔCT method with GAPDH serving as a normalization gene and mean control values as baseline reference. Data are represented as the mean value ± SE of three experiments. The differences among the groups were evaluated by Nonparametric tests (Mann–Whitney U tests) using SPSS software version 17.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA), *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.