Figure 6

Overexpression of duHMGB1 induces gene expression of pattern recognition receptors, pro-inflammatory cytokines and anti-viral molecules in DEF cells. The experimental group was DEF cells transfected with duHMGB1, and the control group was DEF cells transfected with empty vector. Cells were collected at 24, 36, 48 and 60 hpt analyzing inducible gene expressions using qRT-PCR. Fold-changes in gene expression were calculated using the 2^−ΔΔCT method with GAPDH serving as a normalization gene and mean control values as baseline reference. Data are represented as the mean value ± SE of three experiments. Mann–Whitney U test was performed to evaluate the differences. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.