From: Nanoparticle-based vaccine development and evaluation against viral infections in pigs
Target virus | Antigens | NPs | Adjuvant | Route | Results | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV) | GP5, GP4, GP3, GP2a and M proteins | VLPs | M. tuberculosis WCL | IN | Enhanced IFNγ response; partial protection | [70] |
N, M, GP5 and E proteins | VLPs | 2′,3′-cGAMP VacciGrade™ (Invivogen, USA) | IN | Enhanced viremia associated with IFNα | [71] | |
Whole inactivated virus | PLGA | None | IN | Increased number of NK cells, γδ cells and IFNα cytokine; enhanced CD8+ T cells and IFNγ response; better protection against homologous and heterologous challenge | ||
Whole inactivated virus | PLGA | M. tuberculosis WCL | IN | Robust cell-mediated and antibody responses; improved heterologous protection | ||
Swine influenza A virus | HA, NA, M1 | VLPs | Emulsigen (MVP Lab, USA) | IN | Induction of serum IgG, mucosal IgA and virus neutralizing antibody responses; protection from homologous challenge | [72] |
Conserved peptides | PLGA | M. vaccae WCL | IN | Enhanced epitope-specific T cell response; reduced virus load in lungs | [61] | |
Whole inactivated virus | PLGA | None | IN | Enhanced CD8+ T cells and IFNγ production; reduced virus load in lungs | [62] | |
Whole inactivated virus | Chitosan | None | IN | Enhanced mucosal IgA and cellular immunity; reduced virus load in lungs and also reduced virus shedding from nostrils | [105] | |
Whole inactivated virus | Nano-11 | None | IN | Enhanced cross-reactive mucosal IgA antibody response | [108] | |
Whole inactivated virus | Polyanhydride | None | IN | Cellular response better than inactivated virus vaccine | [64] | |
Whole inactivated virus | Polyanhydride | CpG-ODN | IN | Enhanced mucosal cell-mediated and IgA antibody responses and reduced virus titers from respiratory tract after heterologous challenge | [95] | |
Conserved 10 peptides | Liposome | Monosodium urate crystals | IN | Improved mucosal IgA and cell-mediated immune responses, better protection than soluble peptides alone | [113] | |
Whole inactivated virus | Nano-11 | None | IN | Induced cross-reactive mucosal IgA antibody response | [108] | |
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) | Whole inactivated virus | PLGA | None | IN | Cellular and humoral immunity and protection better than inactivated vaccine with adjuvant | [90] |
Foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) | T-cell epitope of 3A protein | VLPs | Montanide ISA 206 (Seppic) | IM/IN | Induction of better serum IgG and IgA antibody responses and increased number of IFNγ secreting cells and cell proliferation | [73] |
Capsid proteins VP0, VP1, VP3 | VL Ps | Montanide ISA 206 (Seppic) | IM | Enhanced neutralizing antibody production and IFNγ response in PBMCs, complete homologous protection | [74] | |
VP1 peptides (EP141-160) | VLPs | Freund’s adjuvant | IM | Virus-specific neutralizing antibody production and protection (60%) lower than inactivated vaccine (80%) | [75] | |
VP1 epitopes | VLPs | None | IM | Induction of higher neutralizing antibody production and better protection compared to synthetic peptides group | [76] | |
Encephalomyocarditis Virus (EMCV) | P1, 2A and 3C proteins | VLPs | Montanide IMS 1313Â N VC (Seppic) | IM | Antibody response comparable to commercial vaccine | [21] |
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) | prM and E proteins | VLPs | ISA 201 (Seppic) | SQ | Induction of neutralizing antibody response and protection from homologous (genotype I) and heterologous (genotype III) challenge virus infection | [22] |
Porcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) | Cap protein | VLPs | Montanide ISA 201 (Seppic) | IM | Induction of cap-specific IgG antibodies; protected from clinical signs of disease | [77] |
Cap protein and somatostatin | VLPs | None | SQ | Induction of cap-specific IgG antibody; reduced clinical signs and viremia | [78] | |
Cap protein and GM-CSF | VLPs | Montanide ISA206 (Seppic) | IM | Enhanced neutralizing antibody production and improved weight gain after challenge infection compared to control | [79] | |
Porcine parvo virus (PPV) | VP2 protein | VLPs | Mineral oil | IM | Reduced virus transmission from sows to fetuses and induced neutralizing antibody production in weaned piglets | [80] |