Figure 1

In vitro effects of the selected glycolytic inhibitors against E. granulosus protoscoleces. A Protoscoleces were incubated with each drug for up to 7 days, and the viability was measured by trypan blue exclusion test. All drugs were applied at a final concentration of 40 μM. B Concentration-dependent in vitro anti-protoscoleces effects by 3-BrPA, the most active drug, as a glycolytic inhibitor. Protoscoleces were incubated for 7 days with different concentrations (10 to 100 μM). C Light microscopy of protoscoleces incubated with 40 μM NTZ and 3-BrPA respectively. (Panel a) Protoscoleces incubated in culture medium containing DMSO served as a control. White arrow with h points towards hooks; (panel b) Protoscoleces incubated with NTZ for 5 days; (panel c) Protoscoleces incubated with 3-BrPA for 1 day; (panel d) Protoscoleces incubated with 3-BrPA for 3 days. Note the formation of blebs on the tegument (black arrow), collapse of suckers and decrease of calcium precipitates; (panel e) Protoscoleces incubated with 3-BrPA for 5 days. Note the protoscoleces were completely dead.