Table 4 Microscopic lesions and viral antigen distribution in gallinaceous inoculated with clade 2.3.4.4 H5Nx HPAI virus
Tissue | Lesions | Cell types expressing virus antigen |
|---|---|---|
Nasal cavity | Epithelial cell necrosis and desquamation, rhinitis, sinusitis, mononuclear cell infiltrate, heterophilic rhinitis | Vascular endothelial cells, nasal epithelial cells, nasal gland epithelium, mononuclear cells, bone marrow, autonomic nerves, buccal stratified epithelium, skeletal jaw muscle, feather pulp |
Trachea | Focal necrosis with mild lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate | Pseudostratified epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, sternotrachealis muscle |
Lung | Severe interstitial pneumonia, edema, congestion, necrosis, monocytic infiltrate | Epithelium of air capillaries, mononuclear cells, necrotic debris |
Comb | Edema, hemorrhages, necrosis | Vascular endothelial cells, mononuclear cells, necrotic debris, feather follicle epithelium, nerves in dermis, gland basilar cells, pili muscles |
Heart | Focal necrosis of myocardiocytes | Myocardiocytes |
Brain | Neuronal necrosis, gliosis, chromatolysis of Purkinje cell layer | Neurons, Purkinje cells, ependymal cells, glial cells, vascular endothelial cells |
Proventriculus | Focal necrosis | Glandular and surface epithelium, nerves |
Intestine | Lymphohistiocytic infiltration in submucosa | Mononuclear cells in lymphoid associated tissue, capillary endothelium and serosa |
Pancreas | Degeneration of individual pancreatic acinar cells | Pancreatic acinar cells, duct cells, capillary endothelium |
Liver | Focal necrosis with lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate | Kupffer cells, hepatocytes, vascular endothelial cells, macrophages |
Spleen | Multifocal areas of necrosis, hemorrhages, lymphoid depletion, hyperplasia of macrophage-phagocytic cells | Mononuclear cells, periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths, mononuclear phagocytic system |
Thymus | Focal necrosis, lymphocyte depletion, apoptotic lymphocytes | Mononuclear cells, thymic epithelium in medullary area |
Cloacal bursa | Lymphocyte necrosis and apoptosis, lymphocyte depletion, phagocytic hyperplasia | Mononuclear cells, medullary support cells, nerve ganglia |
Kidney | Focal necrosis of tubular epithelium with lymphoplasmacytic inflammation | Tubular epithelial cells, glomerular cells |
Gonad | Necrosis, focal interstitial necrosis with heterophilic infiltration | Tegument/interstitial tissue |
Adrenal gland | Necrosis with mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, heterophilic infiltrate | Corticotrophic and corticotropic cells |
Skeletal muscle | Scattered necrotic fibers | Myocytes |