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Table 1 Amino acid differences in NA protein sequences of the H1 av N2 viruses described in this study as compared to NA residues in reference strain A/New York/55/01 (NY/55/01)

From: Virus persistence in pig herds led to successive reassortment events between swine and human influenza A viruses, resulting in the emergence of a novel triple-reassortant swine influenza virus

Amino acid changes in swine H1avN2 strains

Reported effectsb

Frequency of amino acid change in human or swine strains available in IRDa

NY/55/01

A-11

A-12

B-14

A-16

Human 1957–1980 (N = 323)

Human 2000–2005 (N = 1921)

Human 2011–2016 (N = 8108)

Swine 2011–2016 (N = 4397)

T19

A

A

A

A

0.31

6.98

0.04

4.82

L23

F

F

F

F

0.31

47.11

98.87

5.53

A27

V

V

V

V

0

0.57

0.037

0.32

Y40

H

H

H

H

39.01

22.12

0.54

76.64

N47

T

T

T

I

0

0

0

1.07

A56

T

I

I

I

2.48(T)/97.21 (I)

97.19(T)/0.10 (I)

99.68(T)/0.19(I)

93.43(T)/4.21(I)

V66

M

M

0.31

0

0.11

0.86

E199

K

80.80

61.84

99.46

37.89

K221

N

N

N

N

Antigenic drift/escape mutant

99.69

1.04

0.78

81.49

K249

R

R

R

R

97.83

1.09

0.47

12.05

I254

V

V

V

V

0.31

0

0.30

1.02

V263

I

I

0.31

2.97

0.60

57.90

S271

N

N

N

N

0

0.10

0.16

0.23

Q273

H

H

H

H

0

0.05

0.01

0.07

N329

K

K

K

K

Antigenic drift/escape mutant, removes a potential N-glycosylation site

0

0.05

0.78

0.18

H336

R

0

0.05

0.04

0.45

D339

G

G

G

G

0

0.21

0.37

0.18

N358

H

H

H

H

0

0

0

0.07

S372

L

L

L

L

Antigenic drift/escape mutant

0.31

2.03

98.00

81.74

G401

D

D

70.59

2.76

0.42

10.98

E432

K

Antigenic drift/escape mutant

0

0.16

0.15

1.55

I469

M

M

M

M

0

0.10

0.04

3.78

  1. Swine H1avN2 reassortants were abbreviated as following: A-11 for A/Sw/France/37-110543/2011 [Farm A], A-12 for A/Sw/France/37-120345/2012 [Farm A], B-14 for A/Sw/France/61-140350/2014 [Farm B] and A-16 for A/Sw/France/37-160178/2016 [Farm A].
  2. aFrequency based on the occurrence of the mutated residue in N2 proteins from human or swine IAV strains whose sequences available in the Influenza Research Database on April, 16th 2019.
  3. bAccording to the BII FluSurver.