Figure 11

Scheme summarizing the inhibitory effect of xanthohumol on PRRSV proliferation via activation of the Nrf2–HMOX1 axis. Xanthohumol, a prenylated flavonoid found in hops, inhibits PRRSV adsorption onto and internalization into cells. Xn treatment also stimulates Nrf2, which causes an increase in the levels of the antioxidant enzymes HMOX1, GCLC, GCLM, and NQO1 and a suppression of oxidative stress, resulting in a decrease in virus proliferation