Figure 1

CD4 cells orchestrating immune response. Recruitment of CD8, B lymphocytes and Macrophages by CD4 cells and production of different interleukins and interferon’s to carry out desired protection against various organisms, equally important for specific and non-specific immunity. Assembly of inflammatory cytokines in fish with infection is triggered, subject to leukocyte mobilization. Activated T-helper cells with CD4 co-receptor, produces IL-2 and IFN-γ to encourage macrophage activation for a general non-specific immune response. Likewise, IL-2 and IL-4 elicit response of B lymphocytes for specific immunity.