Figure 4

Co-production of TNF-α and IL-17A by CD4 ⁺ T cells in the lung. Phenotyping and intracellular cytokine staining were performed on cells from lung tissue following overnight in vitro stimulation (APP-CCE, medium, PMA/Ionomycin). A Living CD4⁺ T cells were gated (not shown; see Additional file 1) and further analyzed for production of TNF-α and IL-17A. Data from the same animals as in Figure 2 are shown. Approximately 1 × 10⁵ (APP and medium) and 5 × 10⁴ (PMA/Ionomycin) cells are shown in the contour plots. B Frequency of IL-17A/TNFα co-producing CD4⁺ T cells in lung tissue of infected animals (red dots) and control animals (blue dots) during acute and chronic phase. Numbers next to colored dots indicate numbers of individual animals. Median percent values are indicated by black bars. Medium-corrected percent values are presented (% of IL-17A⁺ TNF-α⁺ cells within total CD4⁺ T cells for APP-CCE stimulation minus  % of IL-17A⁺ TNF-α⁺ cells within total CD4⁺ T cells for medium-incubation). Arrow heads are introduced in the main text.