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Table 2 Data of experimentally infected hamsters.

From: Natural transmission of Leishmania infantum through experimentally infected Phlebotomus perniciosus highlights the virulence of Leishmania parasites circulating in the human visceral leishmaniasis outbreak in Madrid, Spain

Group

Transmission route

Leishmania strain or isolate

No. of exposed sand fliesa

No. of infective bites (%)b

Culture

Parasite burdenc

Spleen

Liver

Spleen

Liver

H1

Control

X

X

X

–

–

–

–

X

X

–

–

–

–

X

X

–

–

–

–

X

X

–

–

–

–

H2

Bite

JPCM5

55

14/55 (25.5%)

+

–

–

95

55

13/55 (23.6%)

–

–

4 × 102

–

55

16/55 (29.1%)

–

–

–

–

55

14/55 (25.5%)

–

–

–

–

H3

Bite

JPCM5

49

25/49 (51.0%)

+

–

–

–

49

21/49 (42.9%)

–

–

–

–

49

14/49 (28.6%)

–

–

–

–

49

14/49 (28.6%)

–

+

–

3.1 × 103

H4

IP

JPCM5

X

X

+

–

2.6 × 102

–

X

X

–

–

–

–

X

X

–

–

–

–

X

X

–

–

–

–

H5

Bite

POL2FL6

25

1 Attemp

–

–

–

–

25

1 Attemp

–

–

–

–

25

>5 Attemps

–

–

3.3 × 105

2.9 × 104

25

3 Attemps

+

+

8.8 × 1012

2.0 × 1010

H6

Bite

POL2FL6

25

1/25 (4.0%)

+

–

6.5 × 105

6.7 × 108

25

1/25 (4.0%)

–

–

1.3 × 104

–

17

1/17 (5.9%)

–

–

–

–

H7

IP

POL2FL6

X

X

+

+

2.3 × 1013

2.1 × 1012

X

X

+

+

3.9 × 1011

5.3 × 1010

X

X

+

+

2.4 × 1013

1.9 × 1012

X

X

+

+

6.4 × 1012

5.9 × 1011

H8

IP

BOS1FL1

X

X

+

+

3.2 × 1012

9.3 × 1010

X

X

+

+

6.3 × 1013

5.9 × 1012

  1. aThe number of sand flies used for Leishmania challenge depended on the amount of female flies that survived oviposition. Survival flies were divided into cages where animals were placed for challenge
  2. bThe number of infective bites that each animal received is calculated as the number of flies that took a blood meal and was shown to be infected by Leishmania, as checked under the microscope, divided by the number of exposed flies ×100
  3. cParasite burden is expressed as the number of parasites per gram of tissue
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