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Table 3 Study 3: CL virus shedding in 2 and 4 week-old chickens inoculated with m NDV and HPAIV

From: Previous infection with virulent strains of Newcastle disease virus reduces highly pathogenic avian influenza virus replication, disease, and mortality in chickens

Age

Virus

CL shedding: number of birds shedding/total (Log 10 EID 50 /mL) a

NDV

HPAIV

2 dpi

3 dpi

4 dpi

7 dpi

2 dpi

3 dpi

4 dpi

7 dpi

2 weeks old

HPAIV

nd

nd

nd

nd

3/7 (9.8 ± 0.6)A

0/4A

0/4A

0/4A

mNDV

0/10A

8/10 (2.8 ± 0.3)A

8/8 (3.6 ± 0.2)A

10/10 (3.6 ± 0.2)A

nd

nd

nd

nd

mNDV + HPAIV

0/4A

2/2 (2.1 ± 0.4)A

2/2 (3.7 ± 0.2)A

2/2 (4.5 ± 0.15)A

2/4 (8.5 ± 2.8)A

0/2A

0/2A

0/2A

mNDV + HPAIV 3 days later

1/9 (2.1)A

8/10 (2.9 ± 0.1)A

10/10 (3.9 ± 0.2)A

9/9 (4.3 ± 0.2)A

0/10B

0/10A

3/9 (2.2 ± 0.5)A

1/9 (6.9)A

4 weeks old

HPAIV

nd

nd

nd

nd

4/9 (8.1 ± 0.8)A

1/5 (5.6)A

1/4 (5.4)A

0/2A

mNDV

0/10

4/8 (1.9 ± 0.1)A

8/8 (2.9 ± 0.1)A

8/8 (3.9 ± 0.1)A

nd

nd

nd

nd

mNDV + HPAIV

1/5 (1.8)

1/2 (2.5)A

1/2 (3.2)A

2/2 (3.7 ± 0.3)A

3/5 (8.1 ± 2.5)A

0/2A

0/2A

0/2A

mNDV + HPAIV 3 days later

0/10

5/10 (2.3 ± 0.2)A

10/10 (3.7 ± 0.2)*B

10/10 (4.2 ± 0.2)A

0/10*B

1/10 (1.6)A

0/10A

1/10 (4)A

  1. For groups inoculated sequentially with the viruses, the HPAIV results are 2, 3, 4, and 7 days after HPAIV inoculation which corresponds to days 5, 6, 7 and 10 after NDV inoculations.
  2. aViral titers average ± SEM from the positive birds; Log10 EID50 equivalents were determined by qRRT-PCR.
  3. nd = not done.
  4. *Significant difference in number of chickens virus positive compared to single virus infected groups (* P < 0.05).
  5. A; BDifferent superscript uppercase denote significant difference in virus titers compared to single virus infected groups (P < 0.05).