Figure 5

BLS-mix increases the percentage of Foxp3 ⁻ IL-10 ⁺ but not Foxp3 ⁺ IL-10 ⁺ Treg cells in the small intestine. Peyer’s patch lymphocytes (PPLs), intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), and lamina propria lymphocytes (LPLs) were isolated from both jejunal and ileal tissues collected from the indicated pigs 1 week after F4⁺ ETEC/VTEC/EPEC challenge. Left, representative flow cytometry dot plots. Right, flow cytometry was used to determine the percentage of (A) Foxp3⁺, (B) IL-10⁺, (C) Foxp3⁻IL10⁺ and Foxp3⁺IL10⁺ Treg cells within the CD4⁺ T-cell population in the small intestine. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM for each tissue (n = 8 per group). *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; Tukey’s test.