Figure 6

Glutamine starvation increases the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK via the reduced GSH synthesis. PK-15 cells lysates were extracted to measure the protein levels of p38 phosphorylation by Western blot after incubation for 72 h in the absence of glutamine or in the presence of glutamine and BSO (A and B). Values are shown as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate groups statistically significantly different from control by a 1-way ANOVA followed by least-significant difference test (**P < 0.01).