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Figure 1 | Veterinary Research

Figure 1

From: From mouth to macrophage: mechanisms of innate immune subversion by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

Figure 1

Uptake of orally ingested MAP. MAP is ingested (1) and travels through the GI tract. It may also be taken up in tonsillar crypts and transported to the ileum. In the rumen (2) the bacterium’s FAP is activated and is opsonized by fibronectin upon entering the lower digestive tract (3). After reaching the ileum (4) MAP is phagocytized by M cells of Peyer’s patches following recognition of the bacterium through the fibronectin receptor (5) and travels across the epithelium to intra-epithelial macrophages, which take up complement-coated MAP via complement receptors (6). Infected macrophages form granulomas (7), which harbor latent MAP infections. During active JD (8), MAP may be transmitted to an unborn calf (5), to neonates following priming in mammary glands and in milk causing increased virulence (9), or through fecal matter contaminating the environment (10). (a) Mouth (b) Salivary Glands (c) Esophagus (d) Rumen (e) Reticulum (f) Omasum (g) Abomasum (h) Gallbladder (i) Pancreas (j) Duodenum (k) Jejunum (l) Ileum (m) Cecum (n) Large Intestine (o) Anus (p) Uterus.

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